Tchekmedyian N S, Zahyna D, Halpert C, Heber D
Pacific Coast Hematology/Oncology Medical Group, Long Beach, Calif.
Oncology. 1992;49 Suppl 2:3-7. doi: 10.1159/000227118.
Nutritional assessments of our patients with disseminated malignancies have revealed that the incidences of reported anorexia, decreased food intake, and weight loss range between 49 and 64%. It is therefore essential that a planned approach to the nutritional needs of patients with advanced cancer be part of routine oncology care. Our first step is a clinical assessment of the patient's nutritional state and diet, and a determination of caloric and nutrient needs. The potential tools available to the oncologist in the management of the undernourished cancer patient are many and include dietary counseling, food supplements (which contain vitamins and other micronutrients), stimulation of appetite, enteral nutrition, total parenteral nutrition, or a combination of these. The dietitian can be an invaluable component of the cancer care team, both in the inpatient and outpatient settings. An understanding of the role of each intervention will enable the physician to use available resources rationally and efficiently.
对我们患有播散性恶性肿瘤的患者进行的营养评估显示，报告的厌食症、食物摄入量减少和体重减轻的发生率在49%至64%之间。因此，针对晚期癌症患者的营养需求制定有计划的方法，应成为肿瘤常规护理的一部分。我们的第一步是对患者的营养状况和饮食进行临床评估，并确定热量和营养需求。肿瘤学家在管理营养不良的癌症患者时可使用的潜在工具很多，包括饮食咨询、食物补充剂（含有维生素和其他微量营养素）、刺激食欲、肠内营养、全胃肠外营养或这些方法的组合。无论是在住院还是门诊环境中，营养师都可以成为癌症护理团队中非常重要的一员。了解每种干预措施的作用将使医生能够合理有效地利用现有资源。
