Heidrich S M, Ward S E
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee School of Nursing.
Oncol Nurs Forum. 1992 Nov-Dec;19(10):1491-6.
One way that people may adjust to illness is through a redefinition of the self, especially with respect to the relationship between ideal self and actual self. To investigate psychological adjustment in community-dwelling elderly women, women with cancer (n = 17) were compared to women with other health problems (n = 30) based on measures of psychological distress and well-being, actual self, ideal self, and the discrepancy between actual self and ideal self. Women with cancer scored no differently than other women on measures of psychological well-being, psychological distress, and actual self, but their ideal-self ratings were lower. The positive adjustment of women with cancer may be the result of their ability to lower their ideal-self expectations, thereby reducing self-discrepancies that can result in psychological distress.
人们适应疾病的一种方式是通过重新定义自我，特别是在理想自我与实际自我之间的关系方面。为了调查社区老年女性的心理调适情况，基于心理困扰与幸福感、实际自我、理想自我以及实际自我与理想自我之间的差异等测量指标，将患癌女性（n = 17）与患有其他健康问题的女性（n = 30）进行了比较。在心理健康、心理困扰和实际自我的测量指标上，患癌女性的得分与其他女性没有差异，但她们对理想自我的评分较低。患癌女性的积极调适可能是她们能够降低理想自我期望的结果，从而减少可能导致心理困扰的自我差异。
