Döll S, Dänicke S, Ueberschär K H, Valenta H, Schnurrbusch U, Ganter M, Klobasa F, Flachowsky G
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Braunschweig, Germany.
Arch Tierernahr. 2003 Oct;57(5):311-34. doi: 10.1080/00039420310001607680.
A dose response study was carried out with piglets to examine the effects of increasing amounts of Fusarium toxins in the diet on performance, clinical serum characteristics, organ weights and residues of zearalenone (ZON) and deoxynivalenol (DON) and their metabolites in body fluids and tissues. For this purpose, Fusarium toxin contaminated maize (1.2 mg ZON and 8.6 mg DON per kg maize) was incorporated into a maize based diet for piglets at 0, 6, 12.5, 25 and 50% at the expense of control maize. The experimental diets were tested on 100 female piglets allotted to 20 boxes (five animals per box) covering a body weight range of 12.4 +/- 2.2 kg to 32.5 +/- 5.6 kg. Voluntary feed intake and, consequently, body weight gain of the animals receiving the highest proportion of Fusarium toxin contaminated maize were significantly decreased while the feed conversion ratio was not affected by the treatment. The mean weight of the uterus related to the body weight of the animals of the same group was increased by almost 100% as compared to the control. For this group, significantly decreased values of total serum protein were determined, while the serum activity of the liver enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase and the serum concentration of the follicle stimulating hormone were decreased for all treatment groups receiving 6% contaminated maize or more in the diet. Serum concentrations of immuneglobulins were not consistently altered by the treatment. Corresponding to the dietary exposure, increasing concentrations of ZON and alpha-zearalenol were detected in the bile fluid, liver and in pooled urine samples. The metabolite beta-zearalenol was detected only in bile fluid. The total concentration of ZON plus its metabolites in bile fluid correlated well with the diet contamination (r = 0.844). DON was found in serum, bile fluid and pooled urine samples while de-epoxy-DON was detected only in urine. The serum concentration of DON correlated well with the respective toxin intake 3-4 h prior to slaughtering (r = 0.957). For all mentioned analyses of residues it has to be noted that toxin residues were detectable even if negligible concentrations were present in the diet.
用仔猪进行了一项剂量反应研究，以检验日粮中镰刀菌毒素含量增加对仔猪生产性能、临床血清特征、器官重量以及玉米赤霉烯酮（ZON）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）及其代谢产物在体液和组织中的残留量的影响。为此，将受镰刀菌毒素污染的玉米（每千克玉米含1.2毫克ZON和8.6毫克DON）以0%、6%、12.5%、25%和50%的比例添加到以玉米为基础的仔猪日粮中，替代对照玉米。在100头体重范围为12.4±2.2千克至32.5±5.6千克的雌性仔猪上对实验日粮进行了测试，这些仔猪被分配到20个栏中（每个栏5头猪）。采食受镰刀菌毒素污染玉米比例最高的动物的自愿采食量以及体重增加显著降低，而饲料转化率不受处理影响。与对照组相比，同一组动物子宫重量相对于体重的平均值增加了近100%。对于该组，测定的总血清蛋白值显著降低，而日粮中受污染玉米含量为6%及以上的所有处理组，肝脏酶谷氨酸脱氢酶的血清活性和促卵泡激素的血清浓度均降低。日粮处理并未使免疫球蛋白的血清浓度发生一致变化。与日粮暴露情况相对应，在胆汁、肝脏和合并尿液样本中检测到ZON和α-玉米赤霉烯醇的浓度不断增加。代谢产物β-玉米赤霉烯醇仅在胆汁中检测到。胆汁中ZON及其代谢产物的总浓度与日粮污染情况具有良好的相关性（r = 0.844）。在血清、胆汁和合并尿液样本中均检测到了DON，而仅在尿液中检测到了脱环氧-DON。DON的血清浓度与屠宰前3 - 4小时各自的毒素摄入量具有良好的相关性（r = 0.957）。对于所有上述残留分析，必须指出的是，即使日粮中毒素残留量可忽略不计，也能检测到毒素残留。
