Meschke Laurie L, Holl Joyce A, Messelt Sara
Good Reason Consulting, Incorporated, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2003 Nov-Dec;25(6):667-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2003.07.004.
Fetal alcohol exposure is a common cause of birth defects and developmental disorders. As many as 1 in 100 children in the United States are believed to be affected by fetal alcohol exposure. Characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) include abnormal facial features, growth impairment, problems with learning, memory, attention span, problem solving, speech, and hearing. FAS is 100% preventable. Preliminary data from 1704 pregnant women in Minnesota were assessed: substance use during pregnancy, risk factors related to substance use during pregnancy, and how substance use among pregnant women varies across the state. Of the sample, 19.6% of the women were calculated to have drunk alcohol while pregnant. Nondrinkers were more likely to be married and unemployed than drinkers. The drinkers reported significantly higher levels of depressed mood and greater number of problems with alcohol than their abstaining counterparts. Abstainers reported a greater number of pregnancies and initiated their first prenatal visit earlier than the drinkers. Significant differences in prenatal substance use and related factors also emerged by geographic region in Minnesota. Findings are discussed in relation to prevention and policy efforts.
胎儿酒精暴露是出生缺陷和发育障碍的常见原因。据信，美国每100名儿童中就有1名受到胎儿酒精暴露的影响。胎儿酒精综合征（FAS）的特征包括面部特征异常、生长发育迟缓、学习、记忆、注意力持续时间、解决问题、言语和听力方面的问题。胎儿酒精综合征是100%可预防的。对明尼苏达州1704名孕妇的初步数据进行了评估：孕期物质使用情况、与孕期物质使用相关的风险因素，以及该州孕妇的物质使用情况如何变化。在样本中，经计算有19.6%的女性在孕期饮酒。与饮酒者相比，不饮酒者更有可能已婚且失业。饮酒者报告的抑郁情绪水平明显更高，且酒精问题比不饮酒者更多。不饮酒者报告的怀孕次数更多，且比饮酒者更早开始首次产前检查。明尼苏达州不同地理区域在产前物质使用及相关因素方面也存在显著差异。针对预防和政策措施对研究结果进行了讨论。
