Joyce Peter R, McKenzie Janice M, Luty Suzanne E, Mulder Roger T, Carter Janet D, Sullivan Patrick F, Cloninger C Robert
Department of Psychological Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, New Zealand.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2003 Dec;37(6):756-64. doi: 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2003.01263.x.
To evaluate childhood experiences (neglect and abuse), temperament and childhood and adolescent psychopathology as risk factors for avoidant and borderline personality disorders in depressed outpatients.
One hundred and eighty depressed outpatients were evaluated for personality disorders. Risk factors of childhood abuse, parental care, temperament, conduct disorder symptoms, childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders, depressive episodes, hypomania and alcohol and drug dependence were obtained by questionnaires and interviews.
Avoidant personality disorder can be conceptualized as arising from a combination of high harm avoidance (shy, anxious), childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders and parental neglect. Borderline personality disorder can be formulated as arising from a combination of childhood abuse and/or neglect, a borderline temperament (high novelty seeking and high harm avoidance), and childhood and adolescent depression, hypomania, conduct disorder and alcohol and drug dependence.
Combinations of risk factors from the three domains of temperament, childhood experiences and childhood and adolescent psychopathology make major contributions to the development of avoidant and borderline personality disorders.
评估童年经历（忽视与虐待）、气质以及儿童期和青少年期精神病理学作为门诊抑郁症患者回避型和边缘型人格障碍风险因素的情况。
对180名门诊抑郁症患者进行人格障碍评估。通过问卷和访谈获取童年虐待、父母关爱、气质、品行障碍症状、儿童期和青少年期焦虑症、抑郁发作、轻躁狂以及酒精和药物依赖等风险因素。
回避型人格障碍可被视为由高回避伤害性（害羞、焦虑）、儿童期和青少年期焦虑症以及父母忽视共同作用所致。边缘型人格障碍可被认为是由童年虐待和/或忽视、边缘型气质（高寻求新奇和高回避伤害）以及儿童期和青少年期抑郁、轻躁狂、品行障碍以及酒精和药物依赖共同引发的。
气质、童年经历以及儿童期和青少年期精神病理学这三个领域的风险因素组合，对回避型和边缘型人格障碍的发展起到了主要作用。
