Mulder R T, Joyce P R, Cloninger C R
University Department of Psychological Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, New Zealand.
Compr Psychiatry. 1994 May-Jun;35(3):225-33. doi: 10.1016/0010-440x(94)90195-3.
Measures of temperament and early environment were obtained from 108 patients with major depression using the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) and Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). TPQ and PBI measures distinguished between depressed patients and controls. Depressed patients with comorbid axis I disorders appear to be temperamentally different from those who do not have these disorders. Those with alcoholism have higher novelty seeking (NS) scores; those with panic disorder have higher harm avoidance (HA) scores; and those with simple phobia have higher persistence (P) scores. More than half the patients had an axis II disorder. Those with a comorbid personality disorder recall worse parental care and have lower reward dependence (RD) scores. Individual personality disorders and DSM-III-R personality disorder clusters reflect to a significant degree underlying temperament as measured by the TPQ. These results suggest that it is possible to better understand the patterns of comorbidity between major depression, other axis I disorders, and personality disorders by studying the underlying temperament dimensions in these patients.
使用三维人格问卷（TPQ）和父母教养方式问卷（PBI），从108名重度抑郁症患者中获取了气质和早期环境的测量数据。TPQ和PBI的测量结果区分了抑郁症患者和对照组。患有共病轴I障碍的抑郁症患者在气质上似乎与没有这些障碍的患者不同。患有酒精中毒的患者新奇性寻求（NS）得分较高；患有惊恐障碍的患者伤害回避（HA）得分较高；患有单纯恐惧症的患者坚持性（P）得分较高。超过一半的患者患有轴II障碍。患有共病性人格障碍的患者回忆起的父母关怀较差，且奖励依赖（RD）得分较低。个体人格障碍和DSM-III-R人格障碍集群在很大程度上反映了TPQ所测量的潜在气质。这些结果表明，通过研究这些患者潜在的气质维度，有可能更好地理解重度抑郁症、其他轴I障碍和人格障碍之间的共病模式。
