Mulokozi Generose, Lietz Georg, Svanberg Ulf, Mugyabuso Joseph K, Henry Jeya C, Tomkins Andrew M
Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, P.O. Box 977, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2003 Oct;73(5):323-33. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831.73.5.323.
In Tanzania, as in other developing countries, dietary intake of nutrients in pregnant women is marginal or lower than the recommended intakes and therefore these women are at high risk for deficiencies. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between diet and plasma levels of retinol, carotenoids, and alpha-tocopherol in the third trimester of pregnancy. Ninety pregnant women aged between 18 and 45 years were equally recruited from three villages. Seven-day food frequency data was collected by questionnaire. Plasma levels of retinol, carotenoids, and tocopherols were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results indicated that cooked green leafy vegetables constituted the major source of provitamin A carotenoids, with low intake of yellow/orange fruits and preformed vitamin A. Lutein, lycopene, and beta-carotene were the predominant carotenoids in the plasma with mean values of 1.61, 0.84, and 0.63 mumol/L, respectively. There was no significant correlation between frequencies of vegetable consumption and either plasma retinol or carotenoids. However, increased consumption of green leafy vegetables with oil, which increases bioavailability, was correlated with high plasma retinol levels (p = 0.03). Low retinol levels (< or = 0.70 mumol/L) were present in 26% of women. The mean plasma retinol concentration was 0.89 mumol/L and 63% of the women had values below 1.05 mumol/L. The mean plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration was 15.4 mumol/L and women with plasma retinol concentration > 1.05 mumol/L had significantly higher mean alpha-tocopherol than women with plasma retinol concentration < or = 0.70 mumol/L (p < or = 0.01). Twenty-four percent of the women were anemic (hemoglobin: Hb < 110 g/L) and the mean Hb value was 116.3 g/L.
与其他发展中国家一样，在坦桑尼亚，孕妇的营养素膳食摄入量处于边缘水平或低于推荐摄入量，因此这些妇女面临营养素缺乏的高风险。我们的目的是评估孕期第三个月饮食与血浆视黄醇、类胡萝卜素和α-生育酚水平之间的关系。从三个村庄平等招募了90名年龄在18至45岁之间的孕妇。通过问卷调查收集了7天的食物频率数据。通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）评估血浆视黄醇、类胡萝卜素和生育酚的水平。结果表明，煮熟的绿叶蔬菜是维生素A原类胡萝卜素的主要来源，黄色/橙色水果和预形成的维生素A摄入量较低。叶黄素、番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素是血浆中主要的类胡萝卜素，平均值分别为1.61、0.84和0.63μmol/L。蔬菜消费频率与血浆视黄醇或类胡萝卜素之间均无显著相关性。然而，增加食用油烹饪的绿叶蔬菜的摄入量，这会提高生物利用率，与高血浆视黄醇水平相关（p = 0.03）。26%的妇女视黄醇水平较低（≤0.70μmol/L）。血浆视黄醇平均浓度为0.89μmol/L，63%的妇女视黄醇值低于1.05μmol/L。血浆α-生育酚平均浓度为15.4μmol/L，血浆视黄醇浓度>1.05μmol/L的妇女的平均α-生育酚水平显著高于血浆视黄醇浓度≤0.70μmol/L的妇女（p≤0.01）。24%的妇女贫血（血红蛋白：Hb<110 g/L），平均Hb值为116.3 g/L。
