Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 3006, Tanzania.
Nutrients. 2019 May 7;11(5):1025. doi: 10.3390/nu11051025.
Inadequate consumption of micronutrient-dense foods such as vegetables and meat are an important contributing cause for anemia and deficiencies of iron and vitamin A in rural communities of Tanzania. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 to examine nutritional and micronutrient status and their associations to the diet of female small-scale farmers in the sub-humid Kilosa ( = 333) and the semi-arid Chamwino ( = 333) districts, in the Morogoro and Dodoma region. An overall higher prevalence of overweight (19.7%) and obesity (7.1%) than of underweight (5.9%) was detected. Significantly more women in the two villages of Kilosa (27-40%) than in the two villages of Chamwino district (19-21%) were overweight/obese, but also more frequently had anemia (34-41% vs. 11-17%), iron deficiency (24-32% vs. 15-17%), and low serum retinol (21-24% vs. 8-9%). Overall, only a small proportion of women reached recommended daily micronutrient intakes: 27% for vitamin A, 17% for iron, 7% for zinc, and 12-38% for B-vitamins. The amount of dark green leafy vegetables (DGLV) consumed was the main determinant of vitamin A and iron intake by women in Chamwino and corresponded to higher hemoglobin, serum retinol and iron status than in the villages of the Kilosa district; in agreement, DGLV consumption also predicted iron and vitamin A intake in Kilosa district. DGLV consumed with wholemeal millet was advantageous in terms of women's vitamin A and iron intake and status over the predominantly maize-rice-based diet lacking vegetables.
在坦桑尼亚农村社区，蔬菜和肉类等营养密集型食物摄入不足是导致贫血和铁、维生素 A 缺乏的一个重要原因。2016 年进行了一项横断面研究，以检查营养和微量营养素状况及其与莫罗戈罗和多多马地区丘陵区基洛萨（=333）和半干旱区恰文诺（=333）区女性小农饮食的关系。研究发现，超重（19.7%）和肥胖（7.1%）的总体患病率高于体重不足（5.9%）。基洛萨的两个村庄（27-40%）超重/肥胖的女性明显多于恰文诺区的两个村庄（19-21%），但贫血（34-41%比 11-17%）、缺铁（24-32%比 15-17%）和血清视黄醇水平低（21-24%比 8-9%）的情况也更为频繁。总体而言，只有一小部分女性达到了推荐的每日微量营养素摄入量：维生素 A 为 27%，铁为 17%，锌为 7%，B 族维生素为 12-38%。恰文诺区女性维生素 A 和铁的摄入量主要取决于深色绿叶蔬菜（DGLV）的摄入量，其血红蛋白、血清视黄醇和铁状况均高于基洛萨区的村庄；一致的是，DGLV 的摄入量也可预测基洛萨区的铁和维生素 A 摄入量。与主要以玉米-大米为基础、缺乏蔬菜的饮食相比，食用 DGLV 搭配全麦小米有利于女性的维生素 A 和铁的摄入和状况。
