Yim Andrew, Humphries Debbie, Abuova Gaukhar
Yale University School of Public Health, Division of Global Health, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2003 Dec;6(8):791-800. doi: 10.1079/phn2003503.
(1) To develop a useful tool to measure food, alcohol and tobacco items; (2) to document the availability of these items in Almaty, Kazakstan; (3) to describe the relationship between consumption and availability; and (4) to identify possible relationships between availability and health outcomes in the city and region.
A survey of 648 vendors in Almaty, Kazakstan was conducted over one month from December 1999 to January 2000. Vendors identified which items they sold from a list of 61 food, alcohol and tobacco items.
Vendors were approached in three of the six regions of Almaty, Kazakstan. Regions canvassed included Auzov, one of the three 'sleeping regions'; Medeo, one of the two downtown regions; and Turksib, a more suburban/rural area of the city.
There was a significant correlation between alcohol and cigarette consumption and availability. The relative availability of items was numerically and spatially consistent throughout the city. Fruits and vegetables occurred infrequently (<20% of sites) and in relative isolation from the rest of the system, while candy and cigarettes occurred with a higher relative frequency (75-80% of sites). Maps of vendors showed clusters around geographical features such as major roads and intersections.
Combining a checklist and mapping tools provides a model of consumer item availability that can help identify priorities for public health and urban planning professionals. The wide availability of cigarettes, alcohol, candy, coffee and tea, and limited availability of fruits, vegetables and whole grains, is likely to support increasing rates of chronic disease in Almaty.
（1）开发一种用于测量食品、酒精和烟草类商品的实用工具；（2）记录哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图这些商品的可获得性；（3）描述消费与可获得性之间的关系；（4）确定该市及该地区可获得性与健康结果之间的可能关系。
1999年12月至2000年1月的一个月时间里，对哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图的648名摊贩进行了一项调查。摊贩从一份包含61种食品、酒精和烟草类商品的清单中确定他们所销售的商品。
在哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图六个地区中的三个地区接触了摊贩。所调查的地区包括奥佐夫，三个“沉睡地区”之一；麦迪奥，两个市中心地区之一；以及突厥斯坦，该市一个更具郊区/农村特点的地区。
酒精和香烟的消费与可获得性之间存在显著相关性。商品的相对可获得性在全市范围内在数量和空间上是一致的。水果和蔬菜出现的频率较低（<20%的地点），并且与系统的其他部分相对隔离，而糖果和香烟出现的相对频率较高（75 - 80%的地点）。摊贩地图显示在主要道路和十字路口等地理特征周围形成了聚集区。
将清单和绘图工具相结合提供了一个消费品可获得性模型，有助于为公共卫生和城市规划专业人员确定优先事项。香烟、酒精、糖果、咖啡和茶的广泛可获得性，以及水果、蔬菜和全谷物的有限可获得性，可能会促使阿拉木图慢性病发病率上升。
