Merchant A T, Jones C, Kiure A, Kupka R, Fitzmaurice G, Herrera M G, Fawzi W W
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003 Dec;57(12):1562-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601725.
To examine the relation between household water and sanitation, and the risk of stunting and reversal of stunting in Khartoum and Crezira regions, Sudan.
Prospective cohort study.
A total of 25 483 children aged 6-72 months from rural Sudan enrolled in an 18-month field trial in 1988 to study the effect of vitamin A supplementation on child health and survival.
The mean height-for-age z-scores at baseline and the end of study were -1.66 and -1.55, respectively, for the group with water and sanitation facilities, and -2.03 and -1.94 for the group without water and sanitation, after adjustment for age, region, gender, mother's literacy, intervention group (vitamin A vs placebo), family wealth, breastfeeding and cleanliness. Among children of normal height-for-age at baseline, the risk of stunting (<-2 height-for-age z-score) was lowest in the group that came from homes that had both water and sanitation compared to children from homes without these facilities (multivariate RR=0.79, 95% CI 0.69-0.90). Among children stunted at baseline, those coming from homes with water and sanitation had a 17% greater chance of reversing stunting than those coming from homes without either facility (adjusted RR=1.17, 95% CI 0.99-1.38). We did not detect a synergistic association between access to water and sanitation.
Water and sanitation are independently associated with improved growth of children.
None.
研究苏丹喀土穆和克里齐拉地区家庭用水及卫生设施与儿童发育迟缓及发育迟缓逆转风险之间的关系。
前瞻性队列研究。
1988年，共有25483名来自苏丹农村、年龄在6至72个月的儿童参加了一项为期18个月的现场试验，以研究补充维生素A对儿童健康和生存的影响。
在对年龄、地区、性别、母亲文化程度、干预组（维生素A与安慰剂）、家庭财富、母乳喂养和清洁程度进行调整后，拥有用水和卫生设施组儿童在基线时和研究结束时的年龄别身高Z评分均值分别为-1.66和-1.55，而没有用水和卫生设施组儿童的相应评分分别为-2.03和-1.94。在基线时年龄别身高正常的儿童中，与来自没有这些设施家庭的儿童相比，来自既有用水又有卫生设施家庭的儿童发育迟缓（年龄别身高Z评分<-2）风险最低（多变量相对危险度=0.79，95%置信区间0.69-0.90）。在基线时发育迟缓的儿童中，来自拥有用水和卫生设施家庭的儿童发育迟缓逆转的几率比来自没有任何一种设施家庭的儿童高17%（调整后相对危险度=1.17，95%置信区间0.99-1.38）。我们未发现用水和卫生设施之间存在协同关联。
用水和卫生设施分别与儿童生长改善相关。
无。
