Zanker C L, Osborne C, Cooke C B, Oldroyd B, Truscott J G
School of Leisure and Sport Studies, Leeds Metropolitan University, Beckett Park Campus, LS6 3QS, Leeds, UK.
Osteoporos Int. 2004 Feb;15(2):145-54. doi: 10.1007/s00198-003-1524-y. Epub 2003 Nov 25.
Few studies have examined the effects of retirement from sports involving regular, high impact and weight bearing activity on bone mass. This cross-sectional study compared total body and regional areal bone mineral density (aBMD, g/cm(2)) within female former gymnasts and women who had never participated in structured sport or exercise, and explored relations between aBMD of these former gymnasts and their duration of retirement. Eighteen sedentary female former gymnasts (GYM) and 18 sedentary controls (CON) were recruited. GYM displayed a broad range of duration of retirement (3-12 years) and a wide age range (20-32 years). GYM and CON were paired individually to match for age, body mass and stature. GYM had commenced training at least 3 years pre-menarche and had trained post-menarche for 2 or more years. They had trained continuously for 5-12 years and had retired between age 14 and 22 years. Measurements of aBMD and body composition were made using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Group mean values of physical and skeletal characteristics were compared using paired t-tests. Linear regression was used to explore possible relations of aBMD within GYM to duration of retirement. GYM displayed a higher aBMD than CON at all measurement sites, which ranged in magnitude from 6% for the total body ( P=0.004), to 11% for the total femur ( P=0.006). Elevations of aBMD within GYM equated to T-scores ranging from +0.8 (arms) to +1.7 (legs). There were no differences in body composition or age of menarche between groups, although 11 of 18 GYM reported a history of irregular menses. There was no significant decline of aBMD with increasing duration of retirement in GYM. The results suggested that an elevated bone mass in female former gymnasts was retained during early adulthood, in spite of a cessation of training for up to 12 years.
很少有研究探讨从涉及规律、高强度冲击和负重活动的运动项目退役对骨量的影响。这项横断面研究比较了前女子体操运动员和从未参加过有组织的体育活动或锻炼的女性的全身和局部骨面积密度（aBMD，g/cm²），并探讨了这些前体操运动员的aBMD与其退役时间之间的关系。招募了18名久坐不动的前女子体操运动员（GYM组）和18名久坐不动的对照组（CON组）。GYM组的退役时间跨度较大（3 - 12年），年龄范围较广（20 - 32岁）。GYM组和CON组按年龄、体重和身高进行个体配对。GYM组在月经初潮前至少3年开始训练，月经初潮后训练2年或更长时间。她们持续训练了5 - 12年，在年龄14至22岁之间退役。使用双能X线吸收法（DXA）测量aBMD和身体成分。使用配对t检验比较身体和骨骼特征的组均值。线性回归用于探讨GYM组内aBMD与退役时间之间的可能关系。在所有测量部位，GYM组的aBMD均高于CON组，幅度从全身的6%（P = 0.004）到全股骨的11%（P = 0.006）。GYM组aBMD的升高相当于T值从+0.8（手臂）到+1.7（腿部）。两组之间的身体成分或月经初潮年龄没有差异，尽管18名GYM组中有11人报告有月经不规律史。在GYM组中，aBMD并没有随着退役时间的增加而显著下降。结果表明，尽管停止训练长达12年，但前女子体操运动员在成年早期仍保持较高的骨量。
