Hughes Davina K
School of Medical Radiation Sciences, University of Sydney, C42, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
J Nucl Med Technol. 2003 Dec;31(4):196-201; quiz 203-4.
With a current annual mortality rate of around 35% worldwide, infection remains a significant concern, and the diagnosis and localization of infectious foci is an important health issue. As an established infection-imaging modality, nuclear medicine plays a vital health-care role in the diagnosis and subsequent effective treatment of this condition. Despite the development of several newer radiopharmaceuticals, (67)Ga and leukocyte imaging procedures have maintained their established place for infection. Several techniques in nuclear medicine significantly aid infection diagnosis, including imaging with (111)In-oxine-, (99m)Tc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime-, and (99m)Tc-stannous fluoride colloid-labeled leukocytes and with (67)Ga-citrate. Each radiopharmaceutical has specific advantages and disadvantages that make it suitable to diagnose different infectious processes (e.g., soft-tissue sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, osteomyelitis, occult fever, fever of unknown origin, and infections commonly found in immunocompromised patients). After finishing this article, the reader should be able to identify the properties of an ideal radiopharmaceutical for infection imaging, list a range of available infection-imaging radiopharmaceuticals, compare the relative results of a range of radiopharmaceuticals used internationally to detect infection in the body, understand several common infectious processes that can be diagnosed using nuclear medicine techniques, and select an appropriate radiopharmaceutical to image a range of infectious processes.
在全球范围内，目前的年死亡率约为35%，感染仍然是一个重大问题，感染灶的诊断和定位是一个重要的健康问题。作为一种成熟的感染成像方式，核医学在这种疾病的诊断和后续有效治疗中发挥着至关重要的医疗保健作用。尽管已经开发了几种更新的放射性药物，但（67）镓和白细胞成像程序在感染诊断中仍保持其既定地位。核医学中的几种技术对感染诊断有显著帮助，包括用（111）铟 - 奥克辛、（99m）锝 - 六甲基丙烯胺肟和（99m）锝 - 氟化亚锡胶体标记的白细胞以及用（67）镓 - 柠檬酸盐进行成像。每种放射性药物都有其特定的优缺点，使其适用于诊断不同的感染过程（例如，软组织败血症、炎症性肠病、骨髓炎、隐匿性发热、不明原因发热以及免疫功能低下患者中常见的感染）。读完本文后，读者应能够识别用于感染成像的理想放射性药物的特性，列出一系列可用的感染成像放射性药物，比较国际上用于检测体内感染的一系列放射性药物的相对结果，了解几种可使用核医学技术诊断的常见感染过程，并选择合适的放射性药物对一系列感染过程进行成像。
