Schindler Adolf E, Campagnoli Carlo, Druckmann René, Huber Johannes, Pasqualini Jorge R, Schweppe Karl W, Thijssen Jos H H
Institut für Medizinische Forschung und Fortbildung, Universitätsklinikum, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen 45147, Germany.
Maturitas. 2003 Dec 10;46 Suppl 1:S7-S16. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2003.09.014.
Besides the natural progestin, progesterone, there are different classes of progestins, such as retroprogesterone (i.e. dydrogesterone), progesterone derivatives (i.e. medrogestone) 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives (i.e. chlormadinone acetate, cyproterone acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate), 19-norprogesterone derivatives (i.e. nomegestrol, promegestone, trimegestone, nesterone), 19-nortestosterone derivatives norethisterone (NET), lynestrenol, levonorgestrel, desogestrel, gestodene, norgestimate, dienogest) and spironolactone derivatives (i.e. drospirenone). Some of the synthetic progestins are prodrugs, which need to be metabolized to become active compounds. Besides the progestogenic effect, which is in common for all progestins, there is a wide range of biological effects, which are different for the various progestins and have to be taken into account, when medical treatment is considered.
除了天然孕激素孕酮外，还有不同类别的孕激素，如反式孕酮（即地屈孕酮）、孕酮衍生物（即甲地孕酮）、17α-羟孕酮衍生物（即醋酸氯地孕酮、醋酸环丙孕酮、醋酸甲羟孕酮、醋酸甲地孕酮）、19-去甲孕酮衍生物（即诺美孕酮、普美孕酮、屈螺酮、奈司酮）、19-去甲睾酮衍生物炔诺酮（NET）、炔雌醇甲醚、左炔诺孕酮、去氧孕烯、孕二烯酮、诺孕酯、地诺孕素）以及螺内酯衍生物（即屈螺酮）。一些合成孕激素是前体药物，需要代谢才能成为活性化合物。除了所有孕激素共有的孕激素作用外，还有广泛的生物学效应，不同的孕激素这些效应各不相同，在考虑药物治疗时必须予以考虑。
