McKenna Brian G, Poole Suzette J, Smith Naumai A, Coverdale John H, Gale Chris K
School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Auckland Regional Forensic Psychiatry Services, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand.
Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2003 Mar;12(1):56-63. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-0979.2003.00269.x.
The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of aggressive behaviours by patients against nurses in the first year of practice, and to determine the psychological impact of this behaviour. An anonymous survey was sent to registered nurses in their first year of practice. From the 1169 survey instruments that were distributed, 551 were returned completed (a response rate of 47%). The most common inappropriate behaviour by patients involved verbal threats (n = 192, 35%), verbal sexual harassment (n = 167, 30%) and physical intimidation (n = 161, 29%). There were 22 incidents of assault requiring medical intervention and 21 incidents of participants being stalked by patients. Male graduates and younger nurses were especially vulnerable. Mental health was the service area most at risk. A most distressing incident was described by 123 (22%) of respondents. The level of distress caused by the incident was rated by 68 of the 123 respondents (55%) as moderate or severe. Only half of those who described a most distressing event indicated they had some undergraduate training in protecting against assault or in managing potentially violent incidents (n = 63 of 123; 51%). After registration, 45 (37%) indicated they had had such training. The findings of this study indicate priorities for effective prevention programmes. The issues highlighted need to be addressed in undergraduate nursing curricula and in the development of orientation programmes supporting new graduates.
本研究的目的是确定实习第一年患者对护士攻击行为的发生率，并确定这种行为的心理影响。向实习第一年的注册护士发送了一份匿名调查问卷。在分发的1169份调查问卷中，有551份填写完整后返回（回复率为47%）。患者最常见的不当行为包括言语威胁（n = 192，35%）、言语性骚扰（n = 167，30%）和身体恐吓（n = 161，29%）。有22起攻击事件需要医疗干预，21起事件中参与者被患者跟踪。男性毕业生和年轻护士尤其容易受到伤害。心理健康服务领域风险最高。123名（22%）受访者描述了一起极其痛苦的事件。在这123名受访者中，68名（55%）将该事件造成的痛苦程度评为中度或重度。在描述了极其痛苦事件的人中，只有一半表示他们在预防攻击或处理潜在暴力事件方面接受过一些本科培训（123人中的63人；51%）。注册后，45人（37%）表示他们接受过此类培训。本研究的结果指出了有效预防方案的重点。本科护理课程以及支持新毕业生的入职培训计划的制定需要解决所强调的问题。
