Foster K R
Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6392, USA.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2003;106(4):301-10. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006364.
This article reviews mechanisms of interaction between extremely-low frequency (ELF) fields and biological systems. The emphasis is on simple quantitative models, supplemented by results of more detailed computer analysis. Scaling relations are reviewed which underlie the coupling of external fields to the inside of the body, and of extracellular fields to potentials induced in cell membranes. The relation between time domain and frequency thresholds for stimulating excitable tissues is reviewed, based on the work of Reilly. A range of thermal and non-thermal interaction mechanisms are reviewed, with respect to the question of possible effects of weak ELF fields in biological systems. Each mechanism is characterised by a threshold field strength (below which no observable response is produced) and dynamics; in each case, the anticipated in situ tissue strengths for producing observable effects are far higher than the range of 'weak' fields considered in this review. However, the bioeffects literature is unclear in many places, with numerous speculations about possible mechanisms for weak field effects and many reports of effects that are not clearly interpretable in terms of the mechanisms discussed in this article.
本文综述了极低频（ELF）场与生物系统之间的相互作用机制。重点是简单的定量模型，并辅以更详细的计算机分析结果。回顾了外部场与身体内部耦合以及细胞外场与细胞膜中感应电位耦合所基于的标度关系。基于赖利的工作，回顾了刺激可兴奋组织的时域和频率阈值之间的关系。关于弱ELF场在生物系统中可能产生的影响问题，综述了一系列热和非热相互作用机制。每种机制都由一个阈值场强（低于该值不会产生可观察到的响应）和动力学来表征；在每种情况下，产生可观察到的效应的预期原位组织强度远高于本综述中考虑的“弱”场范围。然而，生物效应文献在许多地方并不明确，有许多关于弱场效应可能机制的推测，以及许多效应报告，这些效应根据本文讨论的机制无法明确解释。
