Gore Julia I, Surawicz Christina
Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359773, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2003 Dec;32(4):1249-67. doi: 10.1016/s0889-8553(03)00100-6.
Acute diarrhea is commonly caused by an infection. Severe acute diarrhea warrants immediate medical evaluation and hospitalization. Indications for stool studies include fever; bloody diarrhea; recent travel to an endemic area; recent antibiotics; immunosuppression; and occupational risks, such as food handlers. Noninfectious causes include inflammatory bowel disease, radiation enteritis, and intestinal ischemia. Management of severe acute diarrhea includes intravenous fluid rehydration and empiric antibiotics. Use of antidiarrheal agents is controversial when invasive pathogens are suspected.
急性腹泻通常由感染引起。严重的急性腹泻需要立即进行医学评估并住院治疗。粪便检查的指征包括发热、血性腹泻、近期前往流行地区、近期使用抗生素、免疫抑制以及职业风险，如食品处理人员。非感染性原因包括炎症性肠病、放射性肠炎和肠道缺血。严重急性腹泻的治疗包括静脉补液和经验性使用抗生素。当怀疑有侵袭性病原体时，使用止泻剂存在争议。
