Gordils-Perez Janet, Rawlins-Duell Robin, Kelvin Joanne Frankel
Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2003 Nov-Dec;7(6):629-36. doi: 10.1188/03.CJON.629-636.
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the United States. Approximately half of all patients diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer receive conservative breast surgery followed by consolidative radiation treatment. A number of technologic advances have been made in radiation therapy planning and treatment that minimize early and late toxicities and may improve treatment outcomes. Among these are (a) the treatment of patients with large or pendulous breasts or cardiopulmonary disease in the prone position, (b) intensity-modulated radiation treatment, which delivers precise, highly conformal radiation dose distributions within the breast by using computerized inverse treatment planning and intensity-modulated radiation beams to produce the required dose distribution, and (c) brachytherapy, which is the placement of a radioactive source within the lumpectomy bed. These advances are gaining national recognition and are available at many institutions. Nurses play a vital role in educating patients; therefore, nurses must have the information they need to inform their patients about these advances. The information in this article will allow nurses to help patients understand the anticipated treatment and related side effects and make informed decisions.
乳腺癌是美国女性中最常被诊断出的癌症。在所有被诊断为早期乳腺癌的患者中，约有一半接受了保乳手术，随后进行巩固性放射治疗。放射治疗计划和治疗方面已经取得了许多技术进步，这些进步将早期和晚期毒性降至最低，并可能改善治疗效果。其中包括：（a）对乳房较大或下垂或患有心肺疾病的患者采用俯卧位治疗；（b）调强放射治疗，通过使用计算机逆向治疗计划和调强放射束在乳房内提供精确、高度适形的放射剂量分布，以产生所需的剂量分布；（c）近距离放射治疗，即将放射源放置在肿块切除腔内。这些进展正在获得全国认可，并且许多机构都可以提供。护士在教育患者方面起着至关重要的作用；因此，护士必须掌握所需信息，以便向患者介绍这些进展。本文中的信息将使护士能够帮助患者了解预期的治疗方法和相关副作用，并做出明智的决定。
