Chiles Christopher D, Menon Venugopal
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004 Jan;17(1):78-9. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2003.09.015.
Cardiac tamponade is a commonly encountered clinical entity. It is a clinical syndrome characterized by elevated filling pressures, pulsus paradoxicus, and eventually, hypotension. It occurs as intrapericardial pressure exceeds intracardiac pressures altering ventricular filling. Generally tamponade occurs with moderate or large accumulations of pericardial fluid that result in an increase in pericardial pressure. It is well known that rapid accumulation of relatively small volumes of fluid can cause tamponade pathophysiology. We report a less well-recognized phenomenon. In the setting of severe left ventricular dysfunction, small volumes of pericardial fluid can result in excessive intrapericardial pressure and echocardiographic tamponade in the absence of a significant pulsus paradoxicus.
心脏压塞是一种常见的临床病症。它是一种临床综合征，其特征为充盈压升高、奇脉，最终发展为低血压。当心包内压力超过心腔内压力从而改变心室充盈时，就会发生心脏压塞。一般来说，心包积液中等量或大量积聚导致心包压力升高时会发生心脏压塞。众所周知，相对少量液体的快速积聚也可导致心脏压塞的病理生理过程。我们报告一种较少被认识到的现象。在严重左心室功能不全的情况下，少量心包积液可导致心包内压力过高以及超声心动图显示心脏压塞，而无明显奇脉。
