Yanagi Takeshi, Tsuji Hiroshi, Tsujii Hirohiko
Department of Radiation Medicine, National Institute of Radiological Sciences Research Center of Charged Particle Therapy, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2003 Dec;30(13):2036-42.
Carbon ion beams have superior dose distribution allowing selective irradiation to the tumor while minimizing irradiation to the surrounding normal tissues. Furthermore, carbon ions produce an increased density of local energy deposition with high-energy transfer (LET) components, resulting in radiobiological advantages. Stimulated by the favorable results in fast neutrons, helium ions, and neon ions, a clinical trial of carbon ion therapy was begun at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences in 1994. Carbon ions were generated by a medically dedicated accelerator (HIMAC, Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba, Japan), which was the world's first heavy ion accelerator complex dedicated to medical use in a hospital environment. In general, patients were selected for treatment when their tumors could not be expected to respond favorably to conventional forms of therapy. A total of 1601 patients were registered in this clinical trial so far. The normal tissue reactions were acceptable, and there were no carbon related deaths. Carbon ion radiotherapy seemed to be a clinically feasible curative treatment modality, and appears to offer improved results not only over conventional X-rays but also even over surgery in some selected carcinomas.
碳离子束具有优越的剂量分布，能够在对周围正常组织照射最小化的同时对肿瘤进行选择性照射。此外，碳离子会产生具有高能量转移（LET）成分的局部能量沉积密度增加，从而带来放射生物学优势。受快中子、氦离子和氖离子的良好效果的激励，1994年在日本国立放射科学研究所开始了碳离子治疗的临床试验。碳离子由一台医学专用加速器（日本千叶的重离子医用加速器HIMAC）产生，这是世界上第一台在医院环境中专门用于医疗用途的重离子加速器综合体。一般来说，当患者的肿瘤预计对传统治疗方式反应不佳时，会被选来进行治疗。到目前为止，共有1601名患者登记参加了该临床试验。正常组织反应是可接受的，且没有与碳相关的死亡病例。碳离子放射治疗似乎是一种临床上可行的根治性治疗方式，并且似乎不仅比传统X射线，甚至在某些特定癌症中比手术都能提供更好的治疗效果。
