Kant Ashima K, Graubard Barry I
Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
Prev Med. 2004 Feb;38(2):243-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.10.004.
Despite widely held beliefs about increasing popularity of eating away-from-home and its possible contribution to increasing adiposity of the US population, there are little published data on this topic. To address this issue, we examined trends in frequency of consumption of commercially prepared (CP) meals reported by Americans aged > or =18 years, and its nutritional correlates.
The data were from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 1987 (n = 21,731), NHIS 1992 (n = 11,718), and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000 (n = 5,330). The information on CP meal consumption was obtained from questions included in the three surveys. The independent association of reported CP meal frequency with body mass index (BMI), and intakes of energy and macronutrients was examined using multiple linear regression methods.
The mean reported number of CP meals per week was 2.5 in 1987 and 1992, and 2.8 in 1999-2000. In 1987, approximately 28% of the population reported 0 or <1 commercially prepared meal per week, decreasing to 24% in 1999-2000 (P for trend <0.0001). However, the proportion of the population reporting three or more weekly CP meals increased from 36% in 1987 to 41% in 1999-2000 (P for trend < or =0.0005). The odds of eating out at least one or more and three or more meals per week were 40% higher (95% CI 1.20-1.70) in 1999-2000 relative to 1987. The reported number of CP meals per week was positively associated with estimates of energy intake (P < or = 0.0001) in each survey. Self-reported and measured BMI were modestly associated with the reported number of weekly CP meals in women in 1999-2000 (P < or = 0.05).
Our results confirm that in 1999-2000, more Americans ate out, and ate out more frequently than in 1987 and 1992. Higher eating-out frequency was associated with adverse nutritional consequences.
尽管人们普遍认为外出就餐越来越普遍，且可能导致美国人群肥胖率上升，但关于这一主题的公开数据却很少。为解决这一问题，我们研究了年龄≥18岁的美国人报告的商业制备（CP）餐食消费频率趋势及其营养相关性。
数据来自1987年的国家健康访谈调查（NHIS，n = 21,731）、1992年的NHIS（n = 11,718）以及1999 - 2000年的国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES，n = 5,330）。CP餐食消费信息通过这三项调查中的相关问题获取。使用多元线性回归方法研究报告的CP餐食频率与体重指数（BMI）以及能量和常量营养素摄入量之间的独立关联。
1987年和1992年报告的每周CP餐食平均数量为2.5次，1999 - 2000年为2.8次。1987年，约28%的人群报告每周食用0次或少于1次商业制备餐食，到1999 - 2000年降至24%（趋势P < 0.0001）。然而，表示每周食用三次或更多次CP餐食的人群比例从1987年的36%增至1999 - 2000年的41%（趋势P ≤ 0.0005）。相对于1987年，1999 - 2000年每周外出就餐至少一次或更多次以及三次或更多次的几率高出40%（95%置信区间1.20 - 1.70）。在每次调查中，报告的每周CP餐食数量与能量摄入量估计值呈正相关（P ≤ 0.0001）。1999 - 2000年，自我报告和测量的BMI与女性报告的每周CP餐食数量存在适度关联（P ≤ 0.05）。
我们的结果证实，1999 - 2000年，外出就餐的美国人比1987年和1992年更多，且外出就餐频率更高。更高的外出就餐频率与不良营养后果相关。
