Goffe Louis, Rushton Stephen, White Martin, Adamson Ashley, Adams Jean
Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017 Sep 22;14(1):131. doi: 10.1186/s12966-017-0589-5.
Out-of-home meals have been characterised as delivering excessively large portions that can lead to high energy intake. Regular consumption is linked to weight gain and diet related diseases. Consumption of out-of-home meals is associated with socio-demographic and anthropometric factors, but the relationship between habitual consumption of such meals and mean daily energy intake has not been studied in both adults and children in the UK.
We analysed adult and child data from waves 1-4 of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey using generalized linear modelling. We investigated whether individuals who report a higher habitual consumption of meals out in a restaurant or café, or takeaway meals at home had a higher mean daily energy intake, as estimated by a four-day food diary, whilst adjusting for key socio-demographic and anthropometric variables.
Adults who ate meals out at least weekly had a higher mean daily energy intake consuming 75-104 kcal more per day than those who ate these meals rarely. The equivalent figures for takeaway meals at home were 63-87 kcal. There was no association between energy intake and frequency of consumption of meals out in children. Children who ate takeaway meals at home at least weekly consumed 55-168 kcal more per day than those who ate these meals rarely. Additionally, in children, there was an interaction with socio-economic position, where greater frequency of consumption of takeaway meals was associated with higher mean daily energy intake in those from less affluent households than those from more affluent households.
Higher habitual consumption of out-of-home meals is associated with greater mean daily energy intake in the UK. More frequent takeaway meal consumption in adults and children is associated with greater daily energy intake and this effect is greater in children from less affluent households. Interventions seeking to reduce energy content through reformulation or reduction of portion sizes in restaurants, cafés and takeaways could potentially lead to reductions in mean daily energy intake, and may reduce inequalities in health in children.
外出就餐的特点是提供的份量过大，可能导致能量摄入过高。经常食用与体重增加和饮食相关疾病有关。外出就餐的消费与社会人口统计学和人体测量学因素有关，但在英国，成年人和儿童中此类餐食的习惯性消费与平均每日能量摄入之间的关系尚未得到研究。
我们使用广义线性模型分析了英国国家饮食与营养调查第1 - 4轮的成人和儿童数据。我们调查了那些报告在餐馆或咖啡馆外出就餐或在家吃外卖餐食的习惯性消费较高的个体，在通过四天食物日记估计平均每日能量摄入时，是否有更高的摄入量，同时对关键的社会人口统计学和人体测量学变量进行了调整。
每周至少外出就餐一次的成年人平均每日能量摄入量更高，每天比很少吃这些餐食的人多摄入75 - 104千卡。在家吃外卖餐食的相应数字为63 - 87千卡。儿童的能量摄入与外出就餐频率之间没有关联。每周至少在家吃一次外卖餐食的儿童每天比很少吃这些餐食的儿童多摄入5
