Casey Stephen P, Hall Heather J, Stanley Helen F, Vincent Amanda C J
Institute of Zoology, The Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004 Feb;30(2):261-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.08.018.
Phylogenetic relationships among 93 specimens of 22 species of seahorses (genus Hippocampus) from the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans were analysed using cytochrome b gene sequence data. A maximum sequence divergence of 23.2% (Kimura 2-parameter model) suggests a pre-Tethyan origin for the genus. Despite a greater number of seahorse species in the Indo-Pacific than in the Atlantic Ocean, there was no compelling genetic evidence to support an Indo-Pacific origin for the genus Hippocampus. The phylogenetic data suggest that high diversity in the Indo-Pacific results from speciation events dating from the Pleistocene to the Miocene, or earlier. Both vicariance and dispersal events in structuring the current global distribution of seahorses. The results suggested that several species designations need re-evaluating, and further phylogeographic studies are required to determine patterns and processes of seahorse dispersal.
利用细胞色素b基因序列数据，分析了来自大西洋和印度-太平洋的22种海马（海马属）93个样本之间的系统发育关系。最大序列差异为23.2%（Kimura双参数模型），这表明该属起源于特提斯洋之前。尽管印度-太平洋的海马物种数量比大西洋多，但没有令人信服的遗传证据支持海马属起源于印度-太平洋。系统发育数据表明，印度-太平洋的高多样性源于更新世至中新世或更早时期的物种形成事件。在构建海马当前全球分布格局中，隔离分化和扩散事件都起到了作用。结果表明，几个物种的分类需要重新评估，还需要进一步开展系统地理学研究，以确定海马扩散的模式和过程。
