Kierstein Gerold, Vallinoto Marcelo, Silva Artur, Schneider Maria Paula, Iannuzzi Leopoldo, Brenig Bertram
Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg-August University, Groner Landstrasse 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004 Feb;30(2):308-24. doi: 10.1016/s1055-7903(03)00221-5.
The phylogeny of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) is still a matter of discussion, especially if the two types of domestic water buffalo (swamp and river) derived from different domestication events or if they are products of human selection. To obtain more insight, we analyzed the entire mitochondrial D-loop region of 80 water buffaloes of four different breeds, i.e., 19 swamp buffaloes (Carabao) and 61 river buffaloes (Murrah, Jafarabadi, and Mediterranean), sampled in Brazil and Italy. We detected 36 mitochondrial haplotypes with 128 polymorphic sites. Pooled with published data of South-East Asian and Australian water buffaloes and based on comprehensive median-joining network and population demography analyses we show evidence that both river and swamp buffaloes decent from one domestication event, probably in the Indian subcontinent. However, the today swamp buffaloes have an unravelled mitochondrial history, which can be explained by introgression of wild water buffalo mtDNA into domestic stocks. We are also discussing indications for an independent domestication of buffaloes in China.
水牛（Bubalus bubalis）的系统发育仍然是一个有争议的问题，特别是关于两种类型的家养水牛（沼泽型和河流型）是源自不同的驯化事件，还是人类选择的产物。为了深入了解，我们分析了在巴西和意大利采样的四个不同品种的80头水牛的整个线粒体D环区域，即19头沼泽水牛（卡拉宝水牛）和61头河流型水牛（摩拉水牛、贾法拉巴迪水牛和地中海水牛）。我们检测到36种线粒体单倍型，有128个多态性位点。结合东南亚和澳大利亚水牛的已发表数据，并基于全面的中介网络和种群统计学分析，我们证明河流型和沼泽型水牛都起源于一次驯化事件，可能发生在印度次大陆。然而，如今的沼泽水牛有着复杂的线粒体历史，这可以通过野生水牛线粒体DNA渗入家养种群来解释。我们也在讨论中国水牛独立驯化的迹象。
