Chan Jean L, Bullen John, Lee Jennifer H, Yiannakouris Nikos, Mantzoros Christos S
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jan;89(1):335-43. doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-031412.
Ghrelin, a stomach-derived orexigenic peptide, and leptin, a fat-derived anorexigenic hormone, act primarily in the hypothalamus to regulate energy homeostasis and have been reported to be regulated in opposite directions by acute and chronic changes in nutritional state. Nutritional, anthropometric, and hormonal predictors of circulating ghrelin have not yet been fully elucidated, and whether ghrelin is regulated by leptin in humans remains unknown. To address these questions, we performed cross-sectional and interventional studies. In 120 healthy men and women, ghrelin was negatively associated with leptin as well as overall and central adiposity, but not with total energy or specific macronutrient intake. The sexual dimorphism in ghrelin levels (higher levels in women than in men) and the negative correlation between ghrelin and insulin are largely mediated by central adiposity. In six lean men, complete fasting for 3 d resulted in a low leptin state without a major change in fat mass and abolished the meal-related secretory pattern of ghrelin without increasing 24-h ghrelin levels. In addition, recombinant human leptin administration in physiological and pharmacological doses did not regulate ghrelin over several hours to a few days. These data do not support a role for regulation of circulating ghrelin by leptin levels independently of changes in adiposity and suggest that the leptin and ghrelin systems for energy homeostasis function independently of each other in healthy humans.
胃饥饿素是一种由胃产生的促食欲肽，而瘦素是一种由脂肪产生的抑制食欲的激素，它们主要在下丘脑发挥作用以调节能量平衡，并且据报道，营养状态的急性和慢性变化会以相反的方向调节它们。循环胃饥饿素的营养、人体测量学和激素预测指标尚未完全阐明，胃饥饿素在人类中是否受瘦素调节仍不清楚。为了解决这些问题，我们进行了横断面研究和干预性研究。在120名健康男性和女性中，胃饥饿素与瘦素以及总体和中心性肥胖呈负相关，但与总能量或特定常量营养素摄入量无关。胃饥饿素水平的性别差异（女性高于男性）以及胃饥饿素与胰岛素之间的负相关在很大程度上由中心性肥胖介导。在6名瘦男性中，连续3天完全禁食导致瘦素水平降低，脂肪量无重大变化，消除了与进餐相关的胃饥饿素分泌模式，但未增加24小时胃饥饿素水平。此外，生理剂量和药理剂量的重组人瘦素给药在数小时至数天内并未调节胃饥饿素。这些数据不支持瘦素水平独立于肥胖变化来调节循环胃饥饿素的作用，并表明在健康人类中，瘦素和胃饥饿素的能量平衡系统相互独立发挥作用。
