Young Antony R
St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Pigment Cell Res. 2004 Feb;17(1):2-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1600-0749.2003.00117.x.
The use of UVB and/or UVA emitting devices for cosmetic tanning is widespread in Western populations including young people and is especially prevalent in females. Several epidemiological studies, although not all, have shown a significant relationship between the use of tanning devices and malignant melanoma after, in some cases, adjustment for confounding factors such as solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. A relationship between solar exposure, especially intermittent exposure, and malignant melanoma is well established so it is not surprising that a similar connection has been reported for the use of tanning devices. Several epidemiological studies show that childhood exposure to sunlight is a risk factor for malignant melanoma and this may also be the case for the use of tanning devices, especially if sunburns are obtained. Some studies have evaluated the relationship between the use of tanning devices and non-melanoma skin cancer and at least one has suggested an association. The use of tanning devices by a substantial minority of young people is a worrying trend in terms of a likely increased incidence of malignant melanoma, and possibly non-melanoma cancers in the future. Although two recent reviews by epidemiologists conclude that a clear link between tanning devices and malignant melanoma is yet to be proven, there is a strong case for effective legislation to prohibit the use of tanning devices by people under 18 yr of age.
在包括年轻人在内的西方人群中，使用发射中波紫外线（UVB）和/或长波紫外线（UVA）的设备进行美容美黑十分普遍，在女性中尤为盛行。一些流行病学研究（尽管并非全部）表明，在对诸如太阳紫外线辐射（UVR）暴露等混杂因素进行调整后，使用美黑设备与恶性黑色素瘤之间存在显著关联。太阳暴露，尤其是间歇性暴露与恶性黑色素瘤之间的关系已得到充分证实，因此报道使用美黑设备存在类似关联也就不足为奇了。多项流行病学研究表明，儿童时期暴露于阳光下是恶性黑色素瘤的一个危险因素，使用美黑设备可能也是如此，尤其是如果出现晒伤的话。一些研究评估了使用美黑设备与非黑色素瘤皮肤癌之间的关系，至少有一项研究表明存在关联。相当一部分年轻人使用美黑设备，这一趋势令人担忧，因为未来恶性黑色素瘤以及可能的非黑色素瘤癌症发病率可能会上升。尽管最近两位流行病学家的综述得出结论，美黑设备与恶性黑色素瘤之间的明确联系尚未得到证实，但有充分理由制定有效立法，禁止18岁以下人群使用美黑设备。
