Fernandez Armida, Mondkar Jayshree, Mathai Sheila
Department of Neonatology, LTMMC and LTMG Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, India.
Indian Pediatr. 2003 Dec;40(12):1161-6.
Urbanization is rapidly spreading throughout the developing world. An urban slum poses special health problems due to poverty, overcrowding, unhygienic surroundings and lack of an organized health Infrastructure. The primary causes of neonatal mortality are sepsis, perinatal asphyxia and prematurity. Home deliveries, late recognition of neonatal illness, delay in seeking medical help and inappropriate treatment contribute to neonatal mortality. Measures to reduce neonatal mortality in urban slums should focus on health education, improvement of antenatal practices, institutional deliveries, and ensuring quality perinatal care. Success of a comprehensive health strategy would require planned health infrastructure, strengthening and unification of existing health care program and facilities; forming a system of referral and developing a program with active participation of the community.
城市化正在迅速蔓延至整个发展中世界。城市贫民窟因贫困、过度拥挤、不卫生的环境以及缺乏有组织的卫生基础设施而带来特殊的健康问题。新生儿死亡的主要原因是败血症、围产期窒息和早产。家庭分娩、对新生儿疾病的识别延迟、寻求医疗帮助的延误以及不恰当的治疗都导致了新生儿死亡。降低城市贫民窟新生儿死亡率的措施应侧重于健康教育、改善产前护理、机构分娩以及确保高质量的围产期护理。一项全面的健康战略要取得成功，需要规划好卫生基础设施，加强并整合现有的医疗保健项目和设施；形成转诊体系，并制定一个让社区积极参与的项目。
