Bäckström Mattias, Karlsson Stefan, Bäckman Lars, Folkeson Lennart, Lind Bo
Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, Orebro University, SE-701 82 Orebro, Sweden.
Water Res. 2004 Feb;38(3):720-32. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2003.11.006.
The seasonal variations of some selected heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) and principal anions in soil solutions were monitored as a function of distance from the road at two field sites in Sweden. During the winter, the conductivity, concentrations of dissolved sodium and chloride increased dramatically due to the application of deicing agents (i.e. NaCl). Due to ion exchange, the pH decreased one unit in the soil solutions, whereas the concentrations of total organic carbon decreased due to coagulation and/or sorption to stationary solids. The heavy metal concentrations increased during the winter, but through different mechanisms. Cadmium concentrations in the aqueous phase increased as a response to ion exchange, possibly also enhanced by the formation of chloride complexes. Similarly, the concentrations of zinc increased, due to ion exchange, with calcium and protons. The mechanisms of mobilisation for copper and lead were not that clear probably due to association with coagulated or sorbed organic matter in combination with colloid dispersion.
在瑞典的两个实地地点，监测了土壤溶液中一些选定重金属（镉、铜、铅和锌）及主要阴离子随距道路距离的季节变化。冬季，由于使用除冰剂（即氯化钠），电导率、溶解钠和氯的浓度急剧增加。由于离子交换，土壤溶液的pH值下降了一个单位，而总有机碳浓度因凝聚和/或吸附到固定固体上而降低。冬季重金属浓度增加，但机制不同。水相中镉的浓度因离子交换而增加，氯化物络合物的形成可能也起到了促进作用。同样，锌的浓度因与钙和质子的离子交换而增加。铜和铅的迁移机制可能不太明确，这可能是由于与凝聚或吸附的有机物结合以及胶体分散有关。
