Cairney Sheree, Maruff Paul, Burns Chris B, Currie Jon, Currie Bart J
The Neuropsychology Laboratory, Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2004 Feb 7;73(2):183-8. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.10.010.
A toxic encephalopathy (or 'lead encephalopathy') may arise from leaded gasoline abuse that is characterised by tremor, hallucinations, nystagmus, ataxia, seizures and death. This syndrome requires emergency and intensive hospital treatment.
We compared neurological and cognitive function between chronic gasoline abusers with (n=15) and without (n=15) a history of leaded gasoline encephalopathy, and with controls who had never abused gasoline (n=15).
Both groups of chronic gasoline abusers had abused gasoline for the same length of time and compared to controls, showed equivalently elevated blood lead levels and cognitive abnormalities in the areas of visuo-spatial attention, recognition memory and paired associate learning. However, where gasoline abusers with no history of leaded gasoline encephalopathy showed only mild movement abnormalities, gasoline abusers with a history of leaded gasoline encephalopathy showed severe neurological impairment that manifest as higher rates of gait ataxia, abnormal rapid finger tapping, finger to nose movements, dysdiadochokinesia and heel to knee movements, increased deep tendon reflexes and presence of a palmomental reflex.
While neurological and cognitive functions are disrupted by chronic gasoline abuse, leaded gasoline encephalopathy is associated with additional and long-lasting damage to cortical and cerebellar functions.
中毒性脑病（或“铅中毒性脑病”）可能源于滥用含铅汽油，其特征为震颤、幻觉、眼球震颤、共济失调、癫痫发作和死亡。该综合征需要紧急和强化的住院治疗。
我们比较了有（n = 15）和无（n = 15）含铅汽油脑病病史的慢性汽油滥用者与从未滥用过汽油的对照组（n = 15）之间的神经和认知功能。
两组慢性汽油滥用者滥用汽油的时间相同，与对照组相比，血液铅水平同样升高，并且在视觉空间注意力、识别记忆和配对联想学习方面存在同等程度的认知异常。然而，无含铅汽油脑病病史的汽油滥用者仅表现出轻度运动异常，而有含铅汽油脑病病史的汽油滥用者则表现出严重的神经功能损害，表现为步态共济失调、快速手指敲击异常、指鼻运动、轮替运动障碍和跟膝运动发生率更高，深腱反射增强以及出现掌颏反射。
虽然慢性汽油滥用会破坏神经和认知功能，但含铅汽油脑病与对皮质和小脑功能的额外且持久的损害有关。
