Allen Mureen, Currie Leanne M, Graham Mark, Bakken Suzanne, Patel Vimla L, Cimino James J
Department of Medical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2003;2003:26-30.
Information needs are prevalent in clinical practice. They represent a potential source of medical errors. This study seeks to empirically determine the information needs of clinicians while using a clinical information system (CIS), and characterize those needs. In addition this paper will provide the framework necessary for the development of the solutions to these information needs.
Clinicians were observed while using a CIS. They were recorded on audiotape and the computer screen recorded on videotape. The types of question during these interactions were recorded. A classification of the questions provided the conceptual and architectural basis for the development of context-sensitive links to information resources, called infobuttons.
There were 154 information needs. The questions were grouped into seven categories. Within these categories we were able to identify eleven specific repeated question patterns, accounting for 72 or 47% of users' questions.
These findings are applicable to a number of settings and can be generalized to other institutions. The proposed infobuttons based on six categories, will be navigational ('how-to.' links), cross-reference ('what is the em leader ' links), domain knowledge buttons in the areas of laboratory, pharmacy, diagnosis, and definitions/general information. Using these groups we were able to identity eleven patterns of questions.
信息需求在临床实践中普遍存在。它们是医疗差错的一个潜在来源。本研究旨在通过实证确定临床医生在使用临床信息系统（CIS）时的信息需求，并对这些需求进行特征描述。此外，本文将提供满足这些信息需求的解决方案开发所需的框架。
观察临床医生使用CIS的过程。用录音带记录他们的谈话，用录像带记录电脑屏幕。记录这些互动过程中提出的问题类型。对问题的分类为开发与信息资源的上下文敏感链接（称为信息按钮）提供了概念和架构基础。
共发现154项信息需求。问题被分为七类。在这些类别中，我们能够识别出11种特定的重复问题模式，占用户问题的72%或47%。
这些发现适用于多种环境，并且可以推广到其他机构。基于六类信息需求提出的信息按钮将包括导航类（“如何操作”链接）、交叉引用类（“什么是……”链接）、实验室、药房、诊断以及定义/一般信息领域的领域知识按钮。利用这些类别，我们能够识别出11种问题模式。
