Lin Michelle I-Hsuan, Flaitz Catherine M, Moretti Antonio J, Seybold Susan V, Chen Jung-Wei
Department of Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Dental Branch, Houston, Tex, USA.
Pediatr Dent. 2003 Nov-Dec;25(6):553-8.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence and clinical parameters that are associated with halitosis in pediatric dental patients and compare these findings with those found for the patients' mother.
Children aged 5 to 12 years old were evaluated with mothers present during a dental visit. Each mother completed the child's medical history and a breath odor questionnaire. The mother and an oral breath judge (OBJ) evaluated the child's oral breath using organoleptic methods. A commercial breath analyzer (CBA) measured the oral and nasal levels of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) for child and mother before and after tongue debridement. A number of oral parameters were recorded for the children.
Thirty children (mean age=8.8 years) and 18 mothers participated. Halitosis (VSC>100 parts per billion, or ppb) was found in 23% of children and 11% of mothers, but was not significantly correlated. In contrast, 61% of mothers reported halitosis in themselves and their child. Significant differences were found between VSC levels and frequency of tooth-brushing (P<.05, univariate ANOVA). There was significant correlation in the detection of breath odor between mother and OBJ (P<.05, Pearson); however, there was no significant correlation between evaluators and CBA. A positive correlation existed between the presence of interproximal restorations and breath odor by OBJ (P<.05, Pearson).
Halitosis may be a problem in some healthy children, but it does not correlate well with mothers' breath odor or common oral parameters. The organoleptic and CBA results were inconsistent, suggesting factors other than VSCs may be associated with halitosis in children.
本研究旨在调查儿童牙科患者中与口臭相关的发生率及临床参数，并将这些结果与患者母亲的结果进行比较。
对5至12岁的儿童在母亲陪同下进行牙科就诊时进行评估。每位母亲填写孩子的病史和口臭问卷。母亲和一名口腔气味评判员（OBJ）采用感官方法评估孩子的口腔气味。使用商用口气分析仪（CBA）在舌面清创前后测量孩子和母亲口腔及鼻腔中挥发性硫化物（VSC）的水平。记录孩子们的一些口腔参数。
30名儿童（平均年龄 = 8.8岁）和18名母亲参与了研究。23%的儿童和11%的母亲存在口臭（VSC>10亿分之一，即ppb），但两者无显著相关性。相比之下，61%的母亲报告自己和孩子有口臭。VSC水平与刷牙频率之间存在显著差异（P<.05，单因素方差分析）。母亲和OBJ在口气检测方面存在显著相关性（P<.05，Pearson检验）；然而，评估者与CBA之间无显著相关性。邻面修复体的存在与OBJ检测到的口气之间存在正相关（P<.05，Pearson检验）。
口臭在一些健康儿童中可能是个问题，但与母亲的口气或常见口腔参数相关性不佳。感官评估和CBA结果不一致，表明除VSCs外的其他因素可能与儿童口臭有关。
