Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Feb 26;11:599467. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.599467. eCollection 2021.
This longitudinal study was aimed to evaluate the dynamic shift in oral microbiota during the process of halitosis progression among preschool children.
The oral examinations, questionnaires and tongue coating specimens were collected at the baseline and 12-month follow-up. All children were oral healthy at the enrollment. At the 12-month follow-up, children who developed halitosis were included to the halitosis group (n = 10). While children who matched the age, gender, kindergarten and without halitosis were included to the control group (n = 10). 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to reveal the shift of the tongue coating microbiome in these children during the 12- month period with the Human Oral Microbiome Database.
A remarkable shift in relative abundance of specific bacteria was observed prior to halitosis development. The principal coordinates and alpha diversity analyses revealed different shifting patterns of halitosis and the healthy participants' microbiome structures and bacterial diversity over the 12-month follow-up. Both groups showed variable microbiota community structures before the onset of halitosis. Halitosis-enriched species , sp. and were finally selected as biomarkers in the halitosis-onset prediction model after screening, with a prediction accuracy of 91.7%.
The microbiome composition and relative abundance of the tongue coatings in the halitosis and control groups remarkably differed, even prior to the onset of the clinical manifestations of halitosis. The halitosis prediction model constructed on the basis of tongue coating microbiome biomarkers indicated the microbial shifts before the halitosis onset. Therefore, this can be considered for the timely detection and intervention of halitosis in children.
本纵向研究旨在评估学龄前儿童口臭进展过程中口腔微生物群的动态变化。
在基线和 12 个月随访时采集口腔检查、问卷调查和舌苔标本。所有儿童在入组时均口腔健康。在 12 个月随访时，将出现口臭的儿童纳入口臭组（n=10）。而与年龄、性别、幼儿园相匹配且无口臭的儿童纳入对照组（n=10）。使用 16S rRNA 基因测序结合人类口腔微生物组数据库揭示这些儿童在 12 个月期间舌苔微生物组的变化。
在口臭发生前观察到特定细菌相对丰度的显著变化。主坐标和 alpha 多样性分析显示，口臭和健康参与者的微生物组结构和细菌多样性在 12 个月随访期间呈现不同的变化模式。两组在口臭发生前均显示出可变的微生物群落结构。口臭富集物种 、 sp. 和 最终被选为口臭发病预测模型中的生物标志物，预测准确率为 91.7%。
口臭组和对照组舌苔的微生物组成和相对丰度在口臭临床症状出现前就有明显差异。基于舌苔微生物组生物标志物构建的口臭预测模型表明，口臭发病前存在微生物变化。因此，可以考虑及时检测和干预儿童口臭。
