Korovessis Panagiotis, Koureas Georgios, Papazisis Zisis
Spine Unit, Orthopaedic Department, General Hospital "Agios Anddeas," Patras, Greece.
J Spinal Disord Tech. 2004 Feb;17(1):33-40. doi: 10.1097/00024720-200402000-00008.
This cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate any correlation between backpack carrying, spinal curvatures, and athletic activities on schoolchildren's dorsal (DP) and low back pain (LBP). Three thousand four hundred forty-one students aged from 9 to 15 years who carried backpacks to school were included in this study and asked for DP and LBP experiences in the school period while carrying the backpack. Nonradiating methods (surface back contour analysis) were used to indirectly measure frontal spinal curve (scoliosis) with the scoliometer and lateral curves (thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis) with the kyphometer. All data analyses were undertaken regarding school year level, age, gender, sports participation, backpack weight, and way of carrying (one versus both shoulder) in relation to magnitude of scoliosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and DP and LBP while carrying the backpack. DP increased with increasing backpack weight (P < 0.05). The way (one versus both shoulder) of backpack carrying did not correlate either with DP or with LBP. Girls experienced much more LBP and DP than boys (P < 0.001). There was no difference in the prevalence of LBP and DP between adolescents and children. Students' age, height, and body weight as well as magnitude of kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis did not correlate with either LBP or DP. At the age of 11 years, girls and boys showed the highest prevalence for DP (72% and 38.5%, respectively), while at the age of 14 years, girls reported significantly (P < 0.05) more DP than boys. Girls showed the highest prevalence of LBP (71%) at the age of 11 years, while for the boys, it was at the age of 15 years (21%). Girls showed at the age of 11 years significantly more LBP (P < 0.05) than boys. Sports exposure seemed to increase LBP in girls (P < 0.001). The results of this study suggest a differential DP and LBP prevalence in schoolchildren and adolescents carrying backpacks with regard to gender and age. The peak in pain prevalence was immediately before puberty as well as immediately after its onset. Girls who participated in sports activities seem to experience more often DP and LBP than boys. Short children who carry backpacks as heavy as do tall children at the same age are more prone to LBP.
本横断面研究旨在调查小学生背书包、脊柱弯曲与体育活动之间与背部疼痛（DP）和下背部疼痛（LBP）的相关性。本研究纳入了3441名9至15岁背书包上学的学生，并询问他们在背书包上学期间的背部疼痛和下背部疼痛经历。采用非辐射方法（背部表面轮廓分析），用脊柱侧弯测量仪间接测量脊柱额状面曲线（脊柱侧弯），用后凸测量仪测量脊柱侧面曲线（胸椎后凸和腰椎前凸）。所有数据分析均针对学年水平、年龄、性别、体育活动参与情况、书包重量以及背书包方式（单肩与双肩）与背书包时脊柱侧弯、胸椎后凸、腰椎前凸以及背部疼痛和下背部疼痛程度的关系进行。背部疼痛随书包重量增加而增加（P < 0.05）。背书包的方式（单肩与双肩）与背部疼痛或下背部疼痛均无相关性。女孩比男孩经历更多的下背部疼痛和背部疼痛（P < 0.001）。青少年和儿童在下背部疼痛和背部疼痛的患病率上没有差异。学生的年龄、身高、体重以及后凸、前凸和脊柱侧弯程度与下背部疼痛或背部疼痛均无相关性。11岁时，女孩和男孩的背部疼痛患病率最高（分别为72%和38.5%），而14岁时，女孩报告的背部疼痛明显多于男孩（P < 0.05）。女孩在11岁时下背部疼痛患病率最高（71%），而男孩在15岁时患病率最高（21%）。女孩在11岁时的下背部疼痛明显多于男孩（P < 0.05）。体育活动似乎会增加女孩的下背部疼痛（P < 0.001）。本研究结果表明，背书包的小学生和青少年在下背部疼痛和背部疼痛患病率方面存在性别和年龄差异。疼痛患病率高峰出现在青春期前以及青春期刚开始时。参加体育活动的女孩似乎比男孩更常经历下背部疼痛和背部疼痛。与同龄高个子孩子背同样重书包的矮个子孩子更容易出现下背部疼痛。
