Kuo Po-Hsiu, Lin Chaucer C H, Yang Hao-Jan, Soong Wei-Tsuen, Chen Wei J
Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Behav Genet. 2004 Jan;34(1):63-74. doi: 10.1023/B:BEGE.0000009477.70657.9d.
This work reports on a study to evaluate the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to both competence scales and behavioral/emotional syndromes as assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). A total of 279 pairs of twins and same-sex sib-pairs aged 12-16 years were recruited from 51 junior high schools in Taipei City, Taiwan. Twins' zygosity was determined by a combination of DNA typing and physical similarity. The Mx program was used to estimate parameters for a full model that contains effects from sex-specific additive genes, shared environment, and nonshared environment for the majority of the scales. The shared environment in the full model was replaced with nonadditive genetic factors for some scales when indicated. All girls' competence and behavioral/emotional syndromes exhibited a substantial heritability (h2 > 0.4), except for Social Competence and Withdrawn. For boys, though the heritability was also >0.4 for some scales (Social and School Competence, Thought Problems, Attention Problems, Delinquent Behavior, and Total Behavior Problems), environmental influences, especially shared environment, were predominant for most of the scales (10 out of 15 scales). Genetic factors are important for explaining adolescent behavioral problems, especially for girls, while shared environmental influences cannot be ignored for boys. Gender differences in heritability exist for various CBCL-based competence and behavioral/emotional problems.
本研究报告了一项评估遗传因素和环境因素对能力量表以及儿童行为清单（CBCL）所评估的行为/情绪综合征的相对贡献的研究。从台湾台北市的51所初中招募了总共279对12至16岁的双胞胎和同性同胞对。双胞胎的合子性通过DNA分型和身体相似性相结合来确定。Mx程序用于估计一个完整模型的参数，该模型包含大多数量表中性别特异性加性基因、共享环境和非共享环境的影响。在某些量表中，当有指示时，完整模型中的共享环境被非加性遗传因素所取代。除社交能力和退缩外，所有女孩的能力以及行为/情绪综合征都表现出较高的遗传度（h2>0.4）。对于男孩，虽然某些量表（社交和学校能力、思维问题、注意力问题、违纪行为和总行为问题）的遗传度也>0.4，但环境影响，尤其是共享环境，在大多数量表（15个量表中的10个）中占主导地位。遗传因素对于解释青少年行为问题很重要，尤其是对女孩而言，而对于男孩，共享环境的影响也不能忽视。基于CBCL的各种能力以及行为/情绪问题在遗传度上存在性别差异。
