Pushkova E S, Lenskaia L V
St. Petersburg City Geriatric Center, 148, Naberezhnaya Fontanka, St. Petersburg 198103, Russia.
Adv Gerontol. 2003;12:82-90.
The aim of the study was to analyze a demographic situation in St. Petersburg with a special attention to the oldest old. The proportion of long-living persons in total population is increasing in all developed countries. The rate of elderly people grows rapidly alongside with the decrease of the birth rate. The number of the oldest people (90+) has grown especially rapidly during the last decade--from 5.9 to 11 thousands in St. Petersburg. Frequency of visits to general practitional, specialist, and emergency for medical aid during 1996-2002 have been studied in the city. Special groups of centenarians have been selected. 396 persons over 85+ years were under observation in the basic group. There were 38 centenarians among them. Seventy-one person of 40-55 year-old and 110 persons of 65-75 year-old were included in the control group. Elderly people have specific medical problems: vascular or Alzheimer-type dementia, osteoporoses and its complications, diabetes, incontinence, diseases of sense organs. The incidence of an appeal to the urgent medical aid was higher among persons of control group than that in the 85+ group. There were more cases of chronic pathology and less cases of acute diseases in the oldest group as compared with young ones. In centenarians, address for different kinds of a medical care is reduced in comparison with other age groups of long-livers. There were no registered oncological pathologies and "disappearing" of some chronic diseases have been observed in centenarians.
Our study prove the necessity of the creation of medical and social geriatric services in the city. The improve of the qualifications of geriatricians is an important task.
本研究的目的是分析圣彼得堡的人口状况，特别关注高龄老人。在所有发达国家，长寿者在总人口中的比例都在增加。随着出生率的下降，老年人的比例迅速增长。在过去十年中，高龄老人（90岁以上）的数量增长尤为迅速——在圣彼得堡从5900人增加到11000人。对该市1996 - 2002年期间普通科、专科和急诊医疗求助的频率进行了研究。挑选了百岁老人的特殊群体。基础组对396名85岁以上的人进行了观察。其中有38名百岁老人。对照组包括71名40 - 55岁的人和110名65 - 75岁的人。老年人有特定的医疗问题：血管性或阿尔茨海默病型痴呆、骨质疏松症及其并发症、糖尿病、失禁、感觉器官疾病。对照组人群向紧急医疗求助的发生率高于85岁以上组。与年轻人相比，高龄组的慢性病病例更多，急性病病例更少。与其他长寿年龄组相比，百岁老人寻求各种医疗护理的次数减少。百岁老人中未登记有肿瘤病理情况，且观察到一些慢性病“消失”。
我们的研究证明了在该市创建老年医学医疗和社会服务的必要性。提高老年科医生的资质是一项重要任务。
