Lenoir Noëlle
European Group of Ethics of the European Union, Ministère délégué aux Affaires européennes, 37, quai d'Orsav, 75351 Paris, France.
C R Biol. 2003 Oct-Nov;326(10-11):1127-34. doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2003.09.016.
Patent law has relied in part on ethical considerations since its inception in Europe. Such considerations have been introduced more recently in the United States. Whereas the EU Directive on the protection on the occasion of the Human Genome Project of biotechnological inventions was intended to foster economic development in Europe, its implementation is outweighted by controversy about patenting life and commercialization of science. The confusion created must be cleared at the international level through harmonization of patent office policies preventing abusive commercial practices in the absence of inventiveness.
自专利法在欧洲诞生以来，它在一定程度上依赖于伦理考量。美国最近才引入此类考量。欧盟关于在人类基因组计划背景下保护生物技术发明的指令旨在促进欧洲的经济发展，但其实施却因生命专利和科学商业化的争议而黯然失色。必须在国际层面通过协调专利局政策来消除由此产生的混乱，防止在缺乏创造性的情况下出现滥用商业行为。
