Robidoux Jacques, Martin Tonya L, Collins Sheila
Departments of Pharmacology, Psychiatry, and Behavioral Sciences, and The Sarah W. Stedman Center for Nutritional Studies, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2004;44:297-323. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.44.101802.121659.
The family of adrenergic receptors (ARs) expressed in adipocytes includes three sibling betaARs and two alphaAR cousins. Together they profoundly influence the mobilization of stored fatty acids, secretion of fat-cell derived hormones, and the specialized process of nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. The two types of fat cells that compose adipose tissue, brown and white, are structurally and functionally distinct. Studies on the mechanisms by which individual betaAR regulates these cell-specific functions have recently uncovered new signal transduction cascades involved in processes traditionally ascribed to adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A system. They illustrate how betaAR signaling can orchestrate a coordinated set of intracellular responses for fine control of metabolic balance.
脂肪细胞中表达的肾上腺素能受体（ARs）家族包括三个同源的β肾上腺素能受体（betaARs）和两个α肾上腺素能受体（alphaARs）旁系同源物。它们共同深刻影响储存脂肪酸的动员、脂肪细胞衍生激素的分泌以及棕色脂肪组织中不依赖寒战的产热这一特殊过程。构成脂肪组织的两种脂肪细胞，即棕色脂肪细胞和白色脂肪细胞，在结构和功能上是不同的。最近对单个β肾上腺素能受体调节这些细胞特异性功能机制的研究揭示了新的信号转导级联反应，这些反应参与了传统上归因于腺苷酸环化酶/cAMP/蛋白激酶A系统的过程。它们阐明了β肾上腺素能受体信号传导如何协调一系列细胞内反应以精确控制代谢平衡。
