Bourne Rupert R A, Dineen Brendan P, Huq Deen M Noorul, Ali Syed M, Johnson Gordon J
Department of Epidemiology and International Eye Health, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004 Feb;45(2):410-7. doi: 10.1167/iovs.03-0129.
To assess the extent of uncorrected refractive error and associated factors in Bangladesh and to suggest ways in which this need can be met.
A nationally representative sample of 12,782 adults (>/= 30 years of age) was selected. Of them, 11,624 subjects underwent a demographic interview, visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]) measurement, automated refraction, and optic disc examination. Subjects with visual acuity less than 6/12 in either eye also had a corrected refraction measurement, cataract grading, and dilated retinal examination.
Of the 11,624 subjects examined, 2,469 (22.1%) were myopes (less than -0.5 D) and 2,308 (20.6%) hyperopes (more than +0.5 D). The spectacle coverage percentage, calculated as [met need/(met need + unmet need) x 100%] was 25.2% and 40.5%, using 6/12 and 6/18 visual acuity cutoffs, respectively, and was higher in men and urban inhabitants. Older subjects and the literate and more highly educated were more likely to wear spectacles; however, most spectacle wearers (81%) had inadequate correction. Of the 1142 subjects who would benefit from spectacles, 827 (72.4%) would be suitable for off-the-shelf spectacles. Subjects without spectacles with less than 6/12 in the better eye (n = 835), would achieve 6/12 or better with correction (unmet need). Extrapolation to the national population yields an estimate that 1.5 million (6.7%) adult men and 1.8 million (9.2%) women have an unmet need for refractive correction.
In Bangladesh, there is low spectacle coverage with a large unmet need. This survey identified risk groups, in particular women and those living in rural areas. This description of the availability of refractive services suggests areas for improvement (e.g., off-the-shelf spectacles) that may enable Bangladesh to achieve the goals of the World Health Organization's Vision 2020 initiative.
评估孟加拉国未矫正屈光不正的程度及相关因素，并提出满足这一需求的方法。
选取了一个具有全国代表性的12782名成年人（≥30岁）的样本。其中，11624名受试者接受了人口统计学访谈、视力（最小分辨角对数[logMAR]）测量、自动验光和视盘检查。任何一只眼睛视力低于6/12的受试者还进行了矫正验光测量、白内障分级和散瞳视网膜检查。
在接受检查的11624名受试者中，2469名（22.1%）为近视（低于-0.5D），2308名（20.6%）为远视（高于+0.5D）。以[满足的需求/（满足的需求+未满足的需求）×100%]计算的眼镜覆盖率，分别使用6/12和6/18的视力截断值时，分别为25.2%和40.5%，男性和城市居民的覆盖率更高。年龄较大的受试者以及识字和受教育程度较高的人更有可能佩戴眼镜；然而，大多数佩戴眼镜者（81%）矫正不足。在1142名可从眼镜中受益的受试者中，827名（72.4%）适合佩戴现成眼镜。较好眼视力低于6/12且未佩戴眼镜的受试者（n = 835），矫正后可达到6/12或更好（未满足的需求）。推算至全国人口得出估计值，即150万（6.7%）成年男性和180万（9.2%）成年女性有未满足的屈光矫正需求。
在孟加拉国，眼镜覆盖率低，有大量未满足的需求。这项调查确定了风险群体，特别是女性和农村地区居民。对屈光服务可及性的描述表明了可改进的领域（如现成眼镜），这可能使孟加拉国实现世界卫生组织“视觉2020”倡议的目标。
