Daley Jacqueline
Can Oper Room Nurs J. 2003 Dec;21(4):7-8, 31-3, 36.
The fear of exposure to bloodborne pathogens and disease transmission from patients to health care professionals or health care professional to patients is real. Perioperative nurses and other surgical personnel should be aware of the dangers and risks of exposure to these viruses. Patients may be infected with one of the currently recognized bloodborne viruses including Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It is imperative that accidental exposure during surgical procedures be avoided. The most common means of exposure are percutaneous and mucous membrane routes. The persistence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections, long incubation periods, and the likelihood of frequent asymptomatic carrier states remain continuing threats to the surgical team and makes it difficult to rely on a diagnosis. Infection prevention and control strategies to reduce the risk of exposures and prevent transmission are based on a number of approaches including engineering, administrative and works practice controls and the proper selection and use of personal protective equipment.
医护人员担心接触血源性病原体以及疾病从患者传播给医护人员或从医护人员传播给患者，这种担心是切实存在的。围手术期护士和其他手术人员应该意识到接触这些病毒的危险和风险。患者可能感染目前已知的血源性病原体之一，包括乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）。必须避免手术过程中的意外接触。最常见的接触途径是经皮途径和黏膜途径。HBV、HCV和HIV感染的持续性、较长的潜伏期以及频繁出现无症状携带者状态的可能性，仍然对手术团队构成持续威胁，并且难以依靠诊断来确定。降低接触风险和预防传播的感染预防与控制策略基于多种方法，包括工程控制、行政控制和工作实践控制，以及正确选择和使用个人防护装备。
