Hough Rupert L, Breward Neil, Young Scott D, Crout Neil M J, Tye Andrew M, Moir Ann M, Thornton Iain
School of Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Feb;112(2):215-21. doi: 10.1289/ehp.5589.
We performed a risk assessment of metal exposure to population subgroups living on, and growing food on, urban sites. We modeled uptake of cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc for a selection of commonly grown allotment and garden vegetables. Generalized linear cross-validation showed that final predictions of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn content of food crops were satisfactory, whereas the Pb uptake models were less robust. We used predicted concentrations of metals in the vegetables to assess the risk of exposure to human populations from homegrown food sources. Risks from other exposure pathways (consumption of commercially produced foodstuffs, dust inhalation, and soil ingestion) were also estimated. These models were applied to a geochemical database of an urban conurbation in the West Midlands, United Kingdom. Risk, defined as a "hazard index," was mapped for three population subgroups: average person, highly exposed person, and the highly exposed infant (assumed to be a 2-year-old child). The results showed that food grown on 92% of the urban area presented minimal risk to the average person subgroup. However, more vulnerable population subgroups (highly exposed person and the highly exposed infant) were subject to hazard index values greater than unity. This study highlights the importance of site-specific risk assessment and the "suitable for use" approach to urban redevelopment.
我们对生活在城市地区并在城市土地上种植食物的人群亚组进行了金属暴露风险评估。我们对一些常见的 allotment 和花园蔬菜中镉、铜、镍、铅和锌的吸收情况进行了建模。广义线性交叉验证表明，粮食作物中镉、铜、镍和锌含量的最终预测结果令人满意，而铅吸收模型的稳健性较差。我们使用蔬菜中金属的预测浓度来评估来自自家种植食物来源的人群暴露风险。还估计了其他暴露途径（食用商业生产的食品、吸入灰尘和摄入土壤）带来的风险。这些模型应用于英国西米德兰兹郡一个城市集聚区的地球化学数据库。将定义为“危害指数”的风险绘制在三个人群亚组上：普通人、高暴露人群和高暴露婴儿（假设为2岁儿童）。结果表明，城市92% 区域种植的食物对普通人亚组的风险极小。然而，更易受影响的人群亚组（高暴露人群和高暴露婴儿）的危害指数值大于1。本研究强调了特定场地风险评估以及城市重建中“适合使用”方法的重要性。
