Nordenfelt E
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Lund, Sweden.
Vaccine. 1992;10 Suppl 1:S73-4. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(92)90549-y.
The incidence of hepatitis A is very low in Sweden. It has been shown that the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A virus is 6.6% in individuals < 40 years of age and 1% in those < 20 years old. The number of reported cases of hepatitis A infection has declined from 628 in 1985 to approximately 250 during the last four years. The attack rate per 100,000 inhabitants has thus declined from 7.3 to approximately 3 during this period. The number of cases in travellers has been stable at approximately 140 cases per year during the period 1985-1990. About one-third of the cases are associated with travel to either Europe or Asia. Immune globulin has been widely used as prophylaxis but use has declined. Based on travel statistics and estimation of the use of immune globulin, a risk ratio was calculated for the relation between the number of travellers not receiving immune globulin and cases of registered hepatitis A infection. This risk ratio was > 50,000 for travel to the Mediterranean part of Europe, approximately 100 for travel to Africa and approximately 300 for travel to Asia.
在瑞典，甲型肝炎的发病率非常低。研究表明，40岁以下人群中甲型肝炎病毒抗体的流行率为6.6%，20岁以下人群中为1%。甲型肝炎感染的报告病例数已从1985年的628例降至过去四年中的约250例。在此期间，每10万居民的发病率从7.3降至约3。1985 - 1990年期间，旅行者中的病例数稳定在每年约140例。约三分之一的病例与前往欧洲或亚洲旅行有关。免疫球蛋白已被广泛用作预防措施，但使用量有所下降。根据旅行统计数据和免疫球蛋白使用情况的估计，计算了未接受免疫球蛋白的旅行者数量与登记的甲型肝炎感染病例之间关系的风险比。前往欧洲地中海地区旅行的风险比>50,000，前往非洲旅行的风险比约为100，前往亚洲旅行的风险比约为300。
