Nowak Martin A, Sigmund Karl
Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Department of Mathematics, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 1 Brattle Square, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):793-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1093411.
Darwinian dynamics based on mutation and selection form the core of mathematical models for adaptation and coevolution of biological populations. The evolutionary outcome is often not a fitness-maximizing equilibrium but can include oscillations and chaos. For studying frequency-dependent selection, game-theoretic arguments are more appropriate than optimization algorithms. Replicator and adaptive dynamics describe short- and long-term evolution in phenotype space and have found applications ranging from animal behavior and ecology to speciation, macroevolution, and human language. Evolutionary game theory is an essential component of a mathematical and computational approach to biology.
基于突变和选择的达尔文动力学构成了生物种群适应与协同进化数学模型的核心。进化结果往往并非是使适应性最大化的平衡状态，而是可能包括振荡和混沌。对于研究频率依赖型选择而言，博弈论观点比优化算法更为合适。复制者动力学和适应性动力学描述了表型空间中的短期和长期进化，并且已在从动物行为与生态学到物种形成、宏观进化以及人类语言等诸多领域得到应用。进化博弈论是生物学数学与计算方法的一个重要组成部分。
