Dick Carl W, Gannon Michael R, Little Wendy E, Patrick Michael J
Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Altoona College, Altoona, PA 16601-3760, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2003 Nov;40(6):813-9. doi: 10.1603/0022-2585-40.6.813.
Between April and October 1997, 689 bats representing seven species were captured at Pennsylvania's Canoe Creek State Park. Each bat was sampled for ectoparasitic arthropods, and four species were collected from 13.2% of the host individuals. Ectoparasites include the bat flea Myodopsylla insignis (Rothschild), the wing mite Spinturnix americanus (Banks), the bed bug Cimex adjunctus Barber, and the soft tick Ornithodoros kelleyi Cooley & Kohls. Prevalence, relative density, and mean intensity were calculated for ectoparasites of Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte), which harbored all four ectoparasite species and was the most commonly captured host. Patterns of ectoparasite associations were examined with respect to host sex and habitat (roost characteristics). Female M. lucifugus hosted higher densities of ectoparasites than did males. Moreover, relative densities of ectoparasites from M. lucifugus were dependent on the proximate roost; hosts captured near Bat Church were more heavily parasitized than those captured near Hartman Mine. Two other bat species were infested with at least one ectoparasite, but sample sizes were too small to analyze statistically. These bat species included Myotis septentrionalis (Trouessart), harboring M. insignis, S. americanus, and O. kelleyi, and Eptesicus fuscus (Beauvois), which harbored M. insignis and O. kelleyi.
1997年4月至10月间，在宾夕法尼亚州的独木溪州立公园捕获了代表7个物种的689只蝙蝠。每只蝙蝠都被采集了体外寄生节肢动物样本，从13.2%的宿主个体中采集到了4个物种。体外寄生虫包括蝙蝠蚤Myodopsylla insignis（罗斯柴尔德）、翼螨Spinturnix americanus（班克斯）、臭虫Cimex adjunctus巴伯以及软蜱Ornithodoros kelleyi库利和科尔兹。对携带所有4种体外寄生虫且为最常捕获宿主的弗氏鼠耳蝠（Myotis lucifugus，勒孔特）的体外寄生虫进行了患病率、相对密度和平均强度计算。研究了体外寄生虫组合模式与宿主性别和栖息地（栖息特征）的关系。雌性弗氏鼠耳蝠的体外寄生虫密度高于雄性。此外，弗氏鼠耳蝠体外寄生虫的相对密度取决于附近的栖息地；在蝙蝠教堂附近捕获的宿主比在哈特曼矿附近捕获的宿主受寄生虫感染更严重。另外两种蝙蝠至少感染了一种体外寄生虫，但样本量太小，无法进行统计分析。这些蝙蝠物种包括感染了Myodopsylla insignis、Spinturnix americanus和Ornithodoros kelleyi的北方鼠耳蝠（Myotis septentrionalis，特鲁萨尔），以及感染了Myodopsylla insignis和Ornithodoros kelleyi的棕蝠（Eptesicus fuscus，博沃瓦）。
