Gray Emilie M, Bradley Timothy J
Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2003 Nov;40(6):903-11. doi: 10.1603/0022-2585-40.6.903.
We used flow-through respirometry on female mosquitoes to observe individual ventilatory pattern and to measure metabolic rate at rest, during activity and after a blood-meal. At rest, young adult females of the species Culex tarsalis ventilated cyclically with an average VCO2 of 6.5 nl/min and frequency of 45 mHz. Both resting metabolic rate and body mass of females increased between emergence and 4 d, but only body mass continued to increase until 12 d. Mating status had no effect on the body mass or resting metabolic rate of the females. Both lipid and carbohydrate stores strongly increased during the first week of adult life, in particular between emergence and 4 d, in which lipid mass increased 8.3-fold and carbohydrate mass increased 3.6-fold. Hourly metabolic rate after a blood or sugar meal was measured over a 6-d period in two groups of 14 females. Sugar-fed mosquitoes remained calm during the day and had nocturnal increases in metabolic rate associated with flight activity. Blood feeding elicited a specific dynamic action lasting approximately 55 h, at the peak of which metabolic rate of the blood-fed females was twice that of the sugar-fed group. Eggs were laid on the third night. The increase in metabolic rate presumably reflected the cost of blood digestion and egg production. The females were not active during digestion, so that although their metabolic rate was increased, the overall energy expenditure of the blood-fed group was not very different from that of the sugar-fed group.
我们对雌性蚊子采用流通式呼吸测定法，以观察个体通气模式，并测量其在静息、活动期间及吸食血液后静息时的代谢率。在静息状态下，致倦库蚊的年轻成年雌性蚊子以平均每分钟6.5纳升的二氧化碳呼出量和45毫赫兹的频率进行周期性通气。雌性蚊子的静息代谢率和体重在羽化后至4日龄之间均有所增加，但只有体重持续增加至12日龄。交配状态对雌性蚊子的体重或静息代谢率没有影响。在成年生活的第一周，尤其是在羽化后至4日龄期间，脂质和碳水化合物储备均大幅增加，其中脂质质量增加了8.3倍，碳水化合物质量增加了3.6倍。在两组各14只雌性蚊子中，对吸食血液或糖分后6天内的每小时代谢率进行了测量。吸食糖分的蚊子在白天保持安静，夜间代谢率因飞行活动而增加。吸食血液引发了持续约55小时的特定动力作用，在此期间，吸食血液的雌性蚊子的代谢率峰值是吸食糖分组的两倍。卵在第三个晚上产下。代谢率的增加可能反映了血液消化和产卵的成本。雌性蚊子在消化过程中并不活跃，因此，尽管它们的代谢率有所提高，但吸食血液组的总体能量消耗与吸食糖分组并无太大差异。
