Hatsukami Dorothy K, Lemmonds Charlotte, Tomar Scott L
Tobacco Use Research Center, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
Prev Med. 2004 Mar;38(3):309-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.10.006.
Smokeless tobacco (ST) substitution for cigarettes as a method to reduce harm has been actively debated. Use of ST as a smoking cessation method or as a means to reduce cigarettes has been proposed. The impact of using ST in these ways is relatively unknown.
A review of the different issues and studies related to using smokeless tobacco as a method to reduce tobacco toxin exposure and harm is presented.
The toxicity of the product itself varies by brand of ST and across countries. Of the existing studies, comparisons of consequences between cigarettes and ST show that cigarette smoking produces more negative health effects, is likely to have a higher addiction potential and more severe withdrawal, and leads to a higher rate of relapse than ST use. On the other hand, ST use facilitates the use of cigarettes, which is a deadly tobacco product. Additionally, ST is not a harmless product, and a less harmful product, medicinal nicotine, is available as an effective treatment approach. Furthermore, ST products are not under the same regulatory scrutiny as medicinal nicotine products.
Considerably more research and product regulation is necessary prior to considering smokeless tobacco as a harm reduction method.
无烟烟草替代卷烟作为一种减少危害的方法一直存在激烈争论。有人提出将无烟烟草用作戒烟方法或减少卷烟使用的手段。以这些方式使用无烟烟草的影响相对未知。
本文综述了与使用无烟烟草作为减少烟草毒素暴露和危害方法相关的不同问题和研究。
产品本身的毒性因无烟烟草品牌和国家而异。在现有研究中，卷烟与无烟烟草后果的比较表明，吸烟产生的负面健康影响更大，成瘾潜力可能更高且戒断反应更严重，与使用无烟烟草相比，复吸率也更高。另一方面，使用无烟烟草会助长对卷烟的使用，而卷烟是一种致命的烟草产品。此外，无烟烟草并非无害产品，而一种危害较小的产品——药用尼古丁，可作为一种有效的治疗方法。此外，无烟烟草产品不像药用尼古丁产品那样受到同样严格的监管审查。
在将无烟烟草视为一种减少危害的方法之前，需要进行更多的研究和产品监管。
