Alderman Brandon L, Landers Daniel M, Carlson John, Scott James R
Department of Kinesiology, Arizona State University, Box 870404, Tempe, AZ 85287-0404, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004 Feb;36(2):249-52. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000113668.03443.66.
The deaths of three intercollegiate wrestlers in 1997 prompted the NCAA and governing bodies that oversee high school sports to adopt new policies prohibiting unsafe weight loss practices. Similar policies have not yet been adopted for international style wrestling, a style that attracts thousands of youth once the regulated scholastic season is over. Therefore, this study examined the rapid weight loss practices in high school wrestlers participating in international style wrestling. To do this, rapid weight gain (RWG), an index that reflects the degree of rapid weight loss (RWL), was examined.
Wrestlers (N = 2638) participating in the 1997 and 1998 National wrestling championships were randomly selected to be weighed at matside with electronic scales. The methods wrestlers used to accomplish weight loss were also assessed in a subsample of wrestlers.
Wrestlers gained an average of 3.4 kg, which represents a 4.81% gain of body weight. The range across weight classes and age groups was -2.68 kg (-2.1% loss of body weight) to +16.73 kg (13.4% gain of body weight). No differences in RWG existed as a function of the represented state teams. In addition, wrestlers who were older and more successful (i.e., placers) gained significantly more weight that their younger and less successful counterparts (P < 0.001). Excessive running, using saunas, and wearing vapor-impermeable suits were cited as the most common methods used to achieve RWL.
These results suggest that RWL still exists in international style wrestling, and similar policies to those recently instituted by the NCAA are warranted.
1997年三名大学间摔跤运动员死亡，促使美国全国大学体育协会（NCAA）以及监管高中体育的管理机构采用新政策，禁止不安全的减重做法。国际式摔跤尚未采用类似政策，这种摔跤方式在规定的学校赛季结束后吸引了成千上万的青少年。因此，本研究调查了参加国际式摔跤的高中摔跤运动员的快速减重做法。为此，研究了反映快速减重（RWL）程度的指标——快速增重（RWG）。
随机选择参加1997年和1998年全国摔跤锦标赛的摔跤运动员（N = 2638），在垫子边用电子秤称重。还对一部分摔跤运动员样本评估了他们用于减重的方法。
摔跤运动员平均增重3.4千克，相当于体重增加4.81%。不同体重级别和年龄组的范围是 -2.68千克（体重减轻2.1%）至 +16.73千克（体重增加13.4%）。RWG不存在因所代表的州队不同而产生的差异。此外，年龄较大且更成功的摔跤运动员（即获得名次者）比年龄较小且不太成功的同行增重明显更多（P < 0.001）。过度跑步、使用桑拿浴室和穿着不透水的服装被认为是实现RWL最常用的方法。
这些结果表明，国际式摔跤中仍存在RWL，有必要制定与NCAA最近制定的类似政策。
