Becker Jack M, Rogers James, Rossini Gregory, Mirchandani Haresh, D'Alonzo Gilbert E
Section of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 Feb;113(2):264-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2003.10.052.
Asthma mortality and the mortality of athletes during sports have been described separately in detail in the medical literature. However, asthma has not been reported as a cause of death in competitive athletes.
The object of this study was to raise the awareness of physicians, coaches, trainers, and parents that children and adults can have fatal asthma exacerbations during and immediately after participating in sports.
The Temple Sports Asthma Research Center identified athletes from 1993 until 2000 who died during or after sporting activity by using the nationwide Burrell's Information Service. Once a possible asthma-related sports death was identified, the autopsy report was requested from the coroner or medical examiner, and an attempt was made to contact the family. Contact with the family was limited to information about the death, medical history, sports involvement, and any medication usage by the person who had died. Secondary sources, including news reports, were used to confirm whether the subject died of asthma during or immediately after a sporting activity.
Two hundred sixty-three possible cases were identified. Sixty-one deaths met the criteria for study inclusion. White deaths outnumbered black deaths by 2 to 1. Deaths among male subjects predominated. Most subjects were younger than the age of 20 years, with the most prevalent age group being between 10 to 14 years old. Fifty-one percent (18 of 35) of the competitive athletes had their fatal event while participating in organized sport, 14 in a practice situation and 4 deaths during a game or meet setting. Basketball and track were the 2 most frequent activities performed at the time of the fatal event.
The subjects who had fatal asthma exacerbations were usually white male subjects between the ages of 10 and 20 years. Mild intermittent or persistent asthma by history was commonly identified. Sudden fatal asthma exacerbations occur in both competitive and recreational athletes and can be precipitated by sporting activity.
哮喘死亡率以及运动员在运动期间的死亡率在医学文献中已分别得到详细描述。然而，哮喘尚未被报道为竞技运动员的死因。
本研究的目的是提高医生、教练、训练员和家长的认识，即儿童和成人在参与运动期间及运动后可能会发生致命的哮喘发作。
坦普尔体育哮喘研究中心利用全国性的伯勒尔信息服务，确定了1993年至2000年期间在体育活动期间或之后死亡的运动员。一旦确定了可能与哮喘相关的运动死亡病例，便向验尸官或法医索取尸检报告，并尝试与家属取得联系。与家属的联系仅限于关于死亡情况、病史、运动参与情况以及死者的任何药物使用情况的信息。包括新闻报道在内的二手资料被用于确认该受试者是否在体育活动期间或之后死于哮喘。
共确定了263例可能的病例。61例死亡符合研究纳入标准。白人死亡人数是黑人死亡人数的2倍。男性受试者的死亡人数占主导。大多数受试者年龄小于20岁，最常见的年龄组为10至14岁。51%（35例中的18例）竞技运动员在参加有组织的运动时发生致命事件，14例在训练期间，4例在比赛或赛事期间死亡。篮球和田径是致命事件发生时最常进行的两项活动。
发生致命哮喘发作的受试者通常是年龄在10至20岁之间的白人男性。通常可确定其有轻度间歇性或持续性哮喘病史。突然致命的哮喘发作在竞技运动员和业余运动员中均会发生，且可能由体育活动诱发。
