美国旅行者的旅行健康知识、态度和行为

Travel health knowledge, attitudes and practices among United States travelers.

作者信息

Hamer Davidson H, Connor Bradley A

机构信息

Tufts University School of Medicine, Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts - New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.

出版信息

J Travel Med. 2004 Jan-Feb;11(1):23-6. doi: 10.2310/7060.2004.13577.

DOI:10.2310/7060.2004.13577

PMID:14769283

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Large numbers of United States residents travel each year to countries where malaria, hepatitis A, hepatitis B and other vaccine-preventable diseases are prevalent. However, relatively little is known about how United States travelers perceive risks associated with travel or how they prepare for their international voyages. This airport survey was therefore performed to determine the travel health knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of United States travelers.

METHODS

Questionnaires were administered to international travelers, aged 18 years or more, departing from the John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York who were going to destinations that were high risk for malaria or hepatitis A.

RESULTS

Overall, 404 questionnaires were completed, including 203 focused on malaria and 201 on vaccine-preventable diseases. Latin America and Asia were the most common destinations. Only 36% of travelers sought travel health advice, despite the fact that more than half prepared their trip at least a month in advance. Only 17% of travelers considered themselves at high risk for hepatitis A. Although the majority of travelers (73%) to a high-risk malaria-endemic region perceived malaria as a high health risk, only 46% of them were carrying antimalarial medications. Additionally, although the majority of travelers believed that vaccines were effective for prevention, few were vaccinated for their journey: 11% for tetanus, 14% for hepatitis A, 13% for hepatitis B, and 5% for yellow fever.

DISCUSSION

This airport survey demonstrated important shortcomings in the travel health KAP of international travelers. A substantial proportion of the travelers were not adequately protected against malaria, hepatitis A or hepatitis B. Future efforts need to focus on improving the level of awareness of travelers regarding their risk of disease acquisition overseas and the importance of pre-travel education, immunizations, and malaria chemoprophylaxis.

摘要

背景

每年有大量美国居民前往疟疾、甲型肝炎、乙型肝炎及其他疫苗可预防疾病流行的国家。然而，对于美国旅行者如何看待旅行相关风险以及他们如何为国际旅行做准备，人们了解得相对较少。因此，开展了这项机场调查，以确定美国旅行者的旅行健康知识、态度和行为（KAP）。

方法

对年龄在18岁及以上、从纽约约翰·肯尼迪国际机场出发前往疟疾或甲型肝炎高风险目的地的国际旅行者进行问卷调查。

结果

总体而言，共完成了404份问卷，其中203份聚焦疟疾，201份聚焦疫苗可预防疾病。拉丁美洲和亚洲是最常见的目的地。尽管超过一半的旅行者至少提前一个月准备行程，但只有36%的旅行者寻求过旅行健康建议。只有17%的旅行者认为自己有感染甲型肝炎的高风险。虽然前往疟疾高流行地区的大多数旅行者（73%）认为疟疾是高健康风险，但其中只有46%的人携带了抗疟药物。此外，尽管大多数旅行者认为疫苗对预防有效，但很少有人在旅行前接种疫苗：破伤风疫苗接种率为11%，甲型肝炎疫苗接种率为14%，乙型肝炎疫苗接种率为13%，黄热病疫苗接种率为5%。