Atkinson R P, Crawford H J
Department of Psychology, Fort Hays State University, KS 67601.
Am J Psychol. 1992 Winter;105(4):527-39.
To investigate the moderating role of individual differences in hypnotic susceptibility and visuospatial skills on afterimage persistence, we presented a codable (cross) flash of light to 40 men and 46 women who had been dark adapted for 20 min. In an unrelated classroom setting, subjects had previously been given two standardized scales of hypnotic susceptibility (Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Shor & Orne, 1962; Group Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C, Crawford & Allen, 1982) and the Mental Rotations Test (Vandenberg & Kuse, 1978). The first afterimage interval and the afterimage duration correlated significantly with hypnotic responsiveness, supporting Wallace (1979), but did not show the anticipated relationships with mental rotation visuospatial skills. Individuals in the high hypnotizable group had (a) significantly longer afterimage intervals between its first appearance and first disappearance than did those in medium or low groups, as well as (b) significantly longer afterimages between the first appearance and the final disappearance than did those in low groups, but those in medium groups did not differ significantly from the other groups. Discriminant analysis using the afterimage persistence measures classified correctly 65.2% of high hypnotizables, 37.5% of medium hypnotizables, and 54.8% of low hypnotizables. Hypothesized cognitive skills that assist in the maintenance of afterimages and underlie hypnotic susceptibility include abilities to maintain focused attention and resist distractions over time and to maintain vivid visual images.
为了研究个体在催眠易感性和视觉空间技能方面的差异对后像持续时间的调节作用，我们向40名男性和46名女性呈现了一个可编码的（交叉）闪光，这些受试者已经暗适应20分钟。在一个不相关的课堂环境中，受试者之前已经接受了两个标准化的催眠易感性量表（哈佛群体催眠易感性量表，Shor & Orne，1962年；斯坦福群体催眠易感性量表C型，Crawford & Allen，1982年）以及心理旋转测试（Vandenberg & Kuse，1978年）。首次后像间隔时间和后像持续时间与催眠反应性显著相关，这支持了Wallace（1979年）的观点，但并未显示出与心理旋转视觉空间技能的预期关系。高催眠易感性组的个体（a）首次出现到首次消失的后像间隔时间显著长于中催眠易感性组或低催眠易感性组的个体，以及（b）首次出现到最终消失的后像持续时间显著长于低催眠易感性组的个体，但中催眠易感性组的个体与其他组没有显著差异。使用后像持续时间测量进行的判别分析正确分类了65.2%的高催眠易感性个体、37.5%的中催眠易感性个体和54.8%的低催眠易感性个体。有助于维持后像并构成催眠易感性基础的假设认知技能包括随着时间推移保持集中注意力和抵抗干扰的能力，以及保持生动视觉图像的能力。
