Levine B D, Stray-Gundersen J
Presbyterian Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.
Int J Sports Med. 1992 Oct;13 Suppl 1:S209-12. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1024642.
Altitude training may improve performance by a number of mechanisms. Acclimatization may improve both oxygen delivery and extraction. Hypoxic exercise may increase the training stimulus thus magnifying the effects of endurance training. Conversely, high altitude decreases VO2max and reduces the workloads at which training occurs. At altitude, base training is performed at a slower velocity and lower oxygen uptake (lower absolute workload) compared to sea level, though heart rate is similar and lactate is higher (probably greater relative workload). Interval workouts are performed at a lower absolute workload at altitude and are associated with lower peak heart rates and blood lactate concentrations. Red cell volume is increased during altitude training, as long as iron stores are normal. We suggest that for performance at altitude, acclimatization and/or hypoxic exercise is preferable; for performance at sea level, living at altitude (acclimatization) with sea level training may be the optimal strategy. However neither approach is a substitute for a carefully designed training program including appropriate rest and nutrition.
高原训练可能通过多种机制提高运动表现。适应性变化可能会改善氧气输送和摄取。低氧运动可能会增加训练刺激，从而放大耐力训练的效果。相反，高海拔会降低最大摄氧量，并减少训练时的工作量。在高原地区，与海平面相比，基础训练的速度较慢，摄氧量较低（绝对工作量较低），尽管心率相似，但乳酸水平较高（可能相对工作量更大）。间歇训练在高原地区的绝对工作量较低，且与较低的心率峰值和血乳酸浓度相关。只要铁储备正常，高原训练期间红细胞体积就会增加。我们建议，对于高原地区的运动表现，适应性变化和/或低氧运动更为可取；对于海平面的运动表现，在高原地区生活（适应性变化）并进行海平面训练可能是最佳策略。然而，这两种方法都不能替代精心设计的训练计划，包括适当的休息和营养。
