Bradwell A R, Wright A D, Winterborn M, Imray C
Department of Immunology, Medical School, University of Birmingham, England.
Int J Sports Med. 1992 Oct;13 Suppl 1:S63-4. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1024597.
Acetazolamide is a useful prophylactic for acute mountain sickness causing marked reduction in headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness, etc. Improvements correlate with increased arterial oxygen concentrations, reduction in proteinuria and peripheral oedema and other objective measures of acute mountain sickness. Evidence that Acetazolamide is beneficial for pulmonary oedema or cerebral oedema is scanty because of the lower frequency of these severe forms of mountain sickness. Dexamethasone, used prophylactically, also reduces the symptoms of acute mountain sickness partly due to its euphoric effect. Use of Acetazolamide as a treatment for established acute mountain sickness has been investigated. Large doses of Acetazolamide increase arterial oxygen levels over a few hours and this leads to a reduction of symptoms but data is limited and faster acting carbonic anhydrides inhibitors such as Methazolamide may be preferable in an emergency situation. There is no comparison of the effectiveness of Acetazolamide with other drugs used for treating acute mountain sickness such as steroids and calcium channel blocking drugs. Also, there is no data on drug combinations which could have additive effects and thereby be more beneficial than individual drugs.
乙酰唑胺是预防急性高原病的有效药物，可显著减轻头痛、恶心、呕吐、乏力等症状。症状的改善与动脉血氧浓度升高、蛋白尿和外周水肿减轻以及急性高原病的其他客观指标相关。由于这些严重形式的高原病发生率较低，关于乙酰唑胺对肺水肿或脑水肿有益的证据不足。预防性使用地塞米松也可部分减轻急性高原病的症状，这部分归因于其欣快效应。已对乙酰唑胺用于治疗已确诊的急性高原病进行了研究。大剂量乙酰唑胺可在数小时内提高动脉血氧水平，从而减轻症状，但数据有限，在紧急情况下，作用更快的碳酸酐酶抑制剂如甲醋唑胺可能更可取。目前尚无乙酰唑胺与用于治疗急性高原病的其他药物（如类固醇和钙通道阻滞剂）疗效的比较。此外，也没有关于可能具有相加作用从而比单一药物更有益的药物组合的数据。
